Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LECOM pharmacology notecards > chapter 28- pharmacology of adrenal cortex > Flashcards

chapter 28- pharmacology of adrenal cortex Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what does the outer adrenal cortex originate from

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the inner adrenal medulla originate from

A

neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the glomerulosa produce

A

mineralocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the glomerulosa under the control of

A

angiotensin II, blood potassium concentration, and to lesser extent ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the fasciculata produce

A

glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the reticularis produce

A

androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is cortisol synthesized from

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the primary site of peripheral cortisol metabolism

A

liver and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what concerts cortisol to biologically inactive compound cortisone

A

11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the precursor peptide of ACTH

A

POMC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the most common cause of addison’s disease

A

T-cell mediated autoimmune reaction selectively destroying the adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does pharmacologic levels of glucocorticoids inhibit the cytokine release of

A

IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the site of action of mitotane

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the site of action of aminoglutethimide

A

side-chain cleavage enxyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the site of action of ketoconazole

A

primarily 17, 20-lyase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the primary site of action of metyrapone

A

11-beta hydroxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the site of action of trilostane

A

3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what adrenal cortex drugsinhibit early stages in adrenal hormone synthesis

A

mitotane, aminoglutethimide, and ketoconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is mitotane a structural analogue of

A

DDT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what glucocorticoid has the highest potency

A

dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the change made to make fluticasone

A

addition of alpha fluorine to carbon 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the drug of choice to replace both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

A

Hydrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what glucocorticoid receptor agonist can cross the placenta in active form

A

dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the clinical application of glucocorticoid receptor agonists

A

inflammatory conditions in many organs, autoimmune disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what glucocorticoid receptor agonist can also be used as replacement therapy for primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency
hydrocortisone
26
what are the major adverse effects of inhaled glucocorticoid receptor agonists
oropharyngeal candidiasis and dysphonia
27
what is the major adverse effect of topical glucocorticoids on skin
skin atrophy
28
what is the major contraindication of glucocorticoid receptor agonists
systemic fungal infection
29
what are the inhaled glucocorticoids
fluticasone, beclomethasone, flunisolide, triamcinolone, budesonide
30
what is the major glucocorticoid receptor antagonist
mifepristone
31
what is the clinical application of mifepristone
abortion (through day 49 of pregnancy)
32
what are the common adverse effects of mifepristone
prolonged bleeding time, bacterial infections, sepsis, abnormal vaginal bleeding
33
what are the contraindications of mifepristone use
chronic adrenal failure, ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic disorders, anticoagulation therapy, inherited porphyria, intrauterine device, undiagnosed adnexal mass
34
what can high doses of mifepristone be used for
ectopic ACTH syndrome
35
what is the mechanism of action of mitotane
inhibitor of glucocorticoid synthesis
36
what is the clinical application of mitotane
medical adrenalectomy in cases of severe bushings syndrome or adrenocortical carcinoma
37
what are the common adverse effects of mitotane
visual disturbance, hemorrhagic cystitis, hypercholesterolemia, somnolence, depression
38
what is the contraindication of mitotane
live rotavirus vaccine
39
what is mitotane the structural analogue of
DDT
40
what does the hypercholesterolemia that may result from mitotane result from
inhibition of cholesterol oxidase
41
what is the clinical application of aminoglutethimide
cushing syndrome; breast cancer
42
what are the adverse effects of aminoglutethimide
cortisol insufficiency, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, pruritis, somnolence
43
what does minoglutethimide inhibit
side chain cleavage enzyme as well as aromatase
44
what is aromatase important for conversion of
androgens to estrogens
45
what is the clinical application of metyrapone
diagnostic eval of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (ACTH reserve)
46
what are the adverse effects of metyrapone
cortisol insufficiency, HTN
47
what is the contraindication for metyrapone
adrenal cortical insufficency
48
what does metyrapone inhibit
11-beta hydroxylation
49
what is the clinical application of trilostane
Cushings syndrome in dogs
50
what are the adverse effects of trilostane
addisonian crisis, postural hypotension, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, nausea
51
what are the contraindications of trilostane use
adrenal cortical insufficiency, renal or hepatic dysfunction
52
what does trilostane inhibit
3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
53
what is the role of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
reduces aldosterone and cortisol production in adrenal cortex
54
what does ketoconazole inhibit
p450
55
what is the mechanism of action of fludrocortisone
agonist at mineralocorticoid receptor
56
what is the clinical application of fludrocortisone
hypoaldosteronism
57
what are the major adverse effects of fludrocortisone
HTN, hypokalemia, heart failure, thrombophlebitis, increased intracranial pressure
58
what is the contraindication of fludrocortisone
systemic fungal infection
59
what levels in blood should be monitored closely with fludrocortisone use
serum potassium and blood pressure
60
what is DHEA
pro hormone that is converted to tester one in periphery
61
what are adverse effects of DHEA
acne, hepatitis, hirsutism, androgenization
62
what are the contraindications of DHEA
breast, ovarian or prostate cancer
63
what is DHEA commonly abused for
anabolic effects

LECOM pharmacology notecards (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions