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Zoology > Chapter 28 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what 3 things does the body design of coelomates do?

A
  1. repositions body fluids
  2. allows complex tissues/organs to develop
  3. allows larger body size
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2
Q

what is the second most diverse phylum?

A

mollusca

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3
Q

list the 4 representative classes of phylum mollusca

A
  1. polyplacophora
  2. cephalopoda
  3. gastropoda
  4. bivalvia
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4
Q

mollusk body symmetry?

A

bilateral

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5
Q

what is the mantle?

A

a thick epidermis that covers the dorsal side of the body, secretes shell of mollusks

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6
Q

what are mollusca gills also called

A

ctenidia

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7
Q

what does the mollusca muscular foot do

A

locomotion, attachment, food capture

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8
Q

what are nephridia?

A

special excretory structures that remove nitrogenous wastes in mollusks

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9
Q

what type of circulatory system do all mollusks except cephalopods have and why?

A

open, all larger animals, like cephalopods, have a closed system

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10
Q

what does it mean to have an open circulatory system>

A

blood goes into the coelomic cavity before the tissues

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11
Q

describe mollusk reproduction

A

distinct male and female individuals in most, external fertilization, free-swimming larvae

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12
Q

describe polyplacophora

A

chitons, 8-plated, body not segmented, grazing herbivores (cows with shells)

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13
Q

describe body plan of gastropoda

A

pairs of tentacles with eyes

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14
Q

describe the 2 aspects of embryological development in gastropoda

A
  1. torsion: mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front
  2. coiling: spiral winding of the shell
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15
Q

describe body plan of bivalvia

A

2 lateral shells (valves) hinged together dorsally

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16
Q

how do bivalves eat?

A

sessile filter feeders

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17
Q

how do bivalves move water across their gills?

A

with siphons

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18
Q

describe cephalopoda

A

active marine predators with highly developed nervous systems

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19
Q

who are the segmented worms?

A

phylum annelida

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20
Q

what does annelid segmentation allow for?

A

specialization

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21
Q

how are annelids divided internally?

A

by septa

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22
Q

what special structure do annelids have that aids in reproduction
?

A

clitellum

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23
Q

what internal framework do annelids have and what does it allow them to do?

A

hydrostatic skeleton, allows for fluid contractions of lengthening and shortening

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24
Q

how does gas exchange occur in annelids?

A

diffusion

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25
give a representative organism of phylum annelida
earthworm, leech
26
describe repro of annelids
monoecious,clitellum holds together
27
list the 4 subphyla of phylum arthropoda
1. celicerata 2. insecta 3. myriapoda 4. crustacea
28
what are 2 hallmark characteristics of phylum arthropoda?
jointed appendages | chitonous exoskeleton
29
what are tagmata?
specialized functional groups of segments of arthropoda
30
what are the 3 body regions of arthropods and what does each contain?
1. head: sensory organs, brain 2. thorax: appoendages for movements,legs, wings 3. abdomen: organ systems
31
what type of eyes do arthropods have?
simple and complex
32
describe the nervous system of arthropods
double chained ganglia, brain is an inhibitor
33
describe the respiratory system of arthropods
trachea and trahcioles, connected to the exterior by spriacles
34
what is unique about arhtropod excretory system?
Malphigian tubules, which elimate nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid
35
what is ecdysis?
molting for growth or replacement of the exoskeleton
36
what body plan do arhtropods have?
tube within a tube
37
describe repro of arthropods
dioecious, internal fertilization, nonrandom mating
38
describe SP chelicerata
arachnids, 2 tagmata
39
what aare chelicerae?
the anterior most appendages of chelicerata that function as fangs or pincers
40
list and descrive the 2 tagmata of chelicera
1. prosome: anterior, all appendages | 2. opisthosoma: posterior, contains repro organs
41
what are spinnerets?
where the silk protein is forced out of spiders
42
list the 2 members of SP myriapoda
centipedes (carnivorous) and millipedes
43
describe legs of myriapoda
centipedes have one pair on each segment | millipedes have two or some on all segments
44
do terrestrial crustaceans exist?
yes but they must return to water to lay eggs
45
how many tagmata do curstacea have?
3, but the 2 most anterior fues to form a cephalothorac
46
what are mandibles?
the biting jaws of crustacea
47
are all crustacea dioecious?
no, baarnacles are the exception
48
discuss barnacles
sessile, hermaphroditic crustacea
49
what subphyla is the largest group of animals?
insecta
50
what is simple metamorphosis?
immature stages are similar to adults (grasshoppers)
51
what is complete metamorphosis?
immature larvae are wormlike, and a resting stage, called a pupa or chrysalis precedes adult form
52
what is incomplete metamorphosis?
nymphs come after larvae and resemble tiny adults
53
discuss the fundamental shift in symmetry that occurs in echinoderms
larvae bilateral, adults pentaradial
54
how is body structure discussed in echinoderms?
in reference to their mouths which are the oral surface
55
what is the upper surface of echinoderms called?
aboral
56
what is the under surface of echinoderms called?
dorsal
57
describe the endoskeleton of echinoderms
found internal to epidermis, contains thousands of neurosensory cells, composed of ossicles, perforated by pores that allow extension of tube feet
58
what is the water vascular system?
a hydraulic system that aids in movement and feeding. composed of a central ring canal from which five radial canals extend into each of the body's 5 parts
59
what is a madreporite?
opening for water entry in the WVA
60
what is the ampulla?
muscular sac for tube feet control in WVA
61
describe the flow of the WVA from end to end
in through madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, ampulla, out through tube feet
62
echinoderm body cavity?
true coelomate
63
describe repro in echinoderms
dioecious and external fertilization, but can asexually reproduce by regenerating split off parts
64
give 5 representative animals of echinodermata
sea star, sea cucumber, sea lily, brittle star, sea urchin

Zoology (7 decks)

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