Chapter 29 & 32 Key Terms

Question 1

aerobic

Answer 1

bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow; most common

Question 2

anaerobic

Answer 2

bacteria that can live without oxygen

Question 3

antibody

Answer 3

immunoglobin produced y the body in response to a specific antigen

Question 4

antigen

Answer 4

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

Question 5

antimicrobial

Answer 5

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

Question 6

asepsis

Answer 6

absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

Question 7

bacteria

Answer 7

most frequent and commonly observed infection-causing agents in healthcare institutions

Question 8

disinfection

Answer 8

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

Question 9

endemic

Answer 9

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location

Question 10

endogenous

Answer 10

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself or herself harbors

Question 11

exogenous

Answer 11

infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

Question 12

fungi

Answer 12

plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection

Question 13

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Answer 13

an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)

Question 14

host

Answer 14

animal or person on or within in which microorganisms live

Question 15

iatrogenic

Answer 15

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

Question 16

infection

Answer 16

disease state that results from the presence of pathogens in or on the body

Question 17

isolation

Answer 17

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques

Question 18

medical asepsis

Answer 18

practices designed to reduce the number and

Question 19

nosocomial

Answer 19

something origination or taking place in the hospital (i.e., infection)

Question 20

pathogens

Answer 20

disease producing microorganisms

Question 21

personal protective equipment

Answer 21

(PPE) gloves, gowns, masks and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare worker’s exposure to infectious material

Question 22

reservoir

Answer 22

natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

Question 23

standard precautions

Answer 23

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions

Question 24

sterilization

Answer 24

(1) the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile

Question 25

surgical asepsis

Answer 25

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique

Question 26

transmission-based precautions

Answer 26

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions

Question 27

vector

Answer 27

nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one host to another

Question 28

virulence

Answer 28

ability to produce disease

Question 29

virus

Answer 29

smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope

Question 30

bandage

Answer 30

piece of gauze or other material used to cover a wound

Question 31

debridement

Answer 31

cleaning away devitalized tissue and foreign matter from a wound

Question 32

dehiscence

Answer 32

separation of the layers of a surgical wound; may be partial, superficial, or a complete disruption of the surgical wound

Question 33

dermis

Answer 33

layer of the skin below the epidermis

Question 34

desiccation

Answer 34

dehydration; the process of being rendered free from moisture

Question 35

dressing

Answer 35

protective covering placed over a wound

Question 36

epidermis

Answer 36

superficial layer of the skin

Question 37

eschar

Answer 37

a thick, leathery scab or dry crust that is necrotic and must be removed for adequate healing to occur

Question 38

evisceration

Answer 38

protrusion of viscera through an incision

Question 39

exudate

Answer 39

fluid that accumulates in a wound; may contain serum, cellular debris, bacteria, and white blood cells

Question 40

fistula

Answer 40

an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another

Question 41

friction

Answer 41

occurs when two surfaces rub against each other; the resulting injury resembles an abrasion and can also damage superficial blood vessels directly under the skin

Question 42

granulation tissue

Answer 42

new tissue that is pink/red in color and composed of fibroblasts and small blood vessels that fill and open wound when it starts to heal

Question 43

ischemia

Answer 43

deficiency of blood in a particular area

Question 44

maceration

Answer 44

softening through liquid; overhydration

Question 45

necrosis

Answer 45

death of cells and tissue

Question 46

negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT)

Answer 46

activity that promotes wound healing and wound closure through the application of uniform negative pressure on the sound bed, reduction in bacteria in the wound, and the removal of excess wound fluid

Question 47

pressure ulcer

Answer 47

any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue

Question 48

purulent drainage

Answer 48

comprised of white blood cells, liquefied, dead tissue debris, and both dead and live bacteria

Question 49

sanguineous drainage

Answer 49

contained with a mixture with blood

Question 50

scar

Answer 50

connective tissue that fills a wound area

Question 51

serosanguineous drainage

Answer 51

mixture of serum and red blood cells

Question 52

serous drainage

Answer 52

composed of clear, serous portion of the blood and from serous membranes

Question 53

shear

Answer 53

results when one layer of tissue slides over another layer. It separates the skin from underlying tissues.

Question 54

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 54

underlying layer that anchors the skin layers to the underlying tissues of the body

Question 55

wound

Answer 55

injury that results in a disruption in the normal continuity of a body tissue