Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NRSG 220 > Chapter 29: Hyperlipidemics (9) > Flashcards

Chapter 29: Hyperlipidemics (9) Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Lipids are classified as

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Triglycerides

A

Neutral fats
most common (90% of lipids in body)
major storage form of fat in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phospholipids

A

Essential to building plasma membranes
lecithins are in egg yolks and soybeans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sterols

A

Best know sterol is cholesterol
- cholesterol promotes atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lipoproteins are

A

Predictors of cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

Contains most apoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

A

Contains most cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

A

Primary carrier of triglycerides in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

High levels of lipids in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Elevated blood cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Abnormal levels of lipoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Increase in triglyceride levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do patients often present with lipid disorders

A

Often asymptomatic until progression to chest pain or HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Long term consequences of being unaware of hyperlipidemia?

A

CV disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood lipid profiles

A

important diagnostic tools in guiding the therapy of dyslipidemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LDL : HDL Ratio

A

Goal to MAXIMIZE HDL, and MINIMIZE LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What should the LDL: HDL ratio be in men and women

A

Men: Ratio should be less than 5
Women: Ratio should be less than 4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lipoprotein

A

subclass of LDL strongly associated with plaque formation and heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Apoloipoprotein B (ApoB)

A

A protein that is involved in the metabolism of lipids
main protein constituent of lipoproteins such as VLDL and LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cholesterol (total) goal

A

< 5.2 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

HDL recommend range

A

> 0.91mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LDL recommended range

A

<3.4mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Triglycerides recommended range

A

0.45-1.71 mmol/L - <2.20 mmol/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ApoB range

A

40-125 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What ApoB range is considered desirable in low or intermediate risk individuals
100mg/dL
26
What ApoB range is considered desirable in high risk individuals?
80mg/dL
27
What are some nonpharmacologic management things
monitor blood lipids regularly maintain optimal weight exercise 30mins 3-5 days/wk minimum
28
What are dietary modifications
Reduce intake of saturated fats and cholesterol increase intake of soluble fibre eliminate tobacco increase intake of plant sterols minimize alcohol (especially beer)
29
Statins are
the most effective drugs for reducing blood lipid levels, recommended first line therapy
30
what is HMG-CoA reductase
primary regulatory enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis inhibited by statins
31
Statins can reduce LDL by
20-40%
32
Statins can also lower
triglyceride and VLDL levels
33
Statins can raise
HDL levels
34
Primary prevention
administering statins to patients with no Hx of CV disease
35
Secondary prevention
slowing progression and reducing mortality in patients with Hx
36
How many statins are there currently?
Seven - all have similar actions and ADEs - all given orally and tolerated well by most
37
What are 3 important pieces to remember with statins?
1. Watch liver 2. No grapefruit juice (>1L) 3. Stop if myopathies occur
38
Rhabdomyolysis
Rapid breakdown of muscle fibers rare but serious ADE of statins
39
Statin pregnancy category
X = DEATH
40
Statin prototype drug
Atorvastatin
41
Atorvastatin therapeutic
Antihyperlipidemic
42
Atorvastatin Pharmacologic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
43
Atorvastatin uses
Hypercholesterolemia family hypercholesterolemia
44
Atorvastatin MOA
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase liver makes less cholesterol and responds by making more LDL receptors to remove cholesterol from blood
45
Atorvastatin ADEs
Headache intestinal cramping diarrhea constipation
46
Atorvastatin Serious ADE
Rhabdomyolysis
47
Atorvastatin contraindications
Pregnancy (X) Lactation Caution with hepatic imairment
48
Atorvastatin Drug Interactions
May increase digoxin levels May increase OCP levels Erythromycin increase risk of rhabsomylosis increase with macrolide antibiotics, cyclosporine, and azole antifungals grapefruit juice inhibits metabolism of statins
49
Atorvastatin Considerations
- obtain baseline lipid values - monitor LDL cholesterol levels - Assess lipid lab tests within 2 to 4 weeks of initiation of therapy or change in dose - assess foreigns of rhabdomyolysis or myopathies - observe for digoxin toxicity - watch for hepatotoxicity - changes In stool, jaundice, bleeding/bruising, abd distention - no grapefruit - NO ALCOHOL
50
Bile acid sequestrants are
often combined with statins to reduce LDL cholesterol levels
51
What are bile acid sequestrates capable of?
Producing 20% drop in LDL cholesterol tend to cause more frequent ADEs in GI tract
52
Bile acid sequestrate Prototype drug?
Cholestyramine
53
Cholestyramine therapeutic
Antihyperlipidemic
54
Cholestyramine pharmacologic
Bile acid sequestrate
55
Cholestyramine uses
Hypercholesterolemia - elevated LDL
56
Cholestyramine MOA
Binds to bile acids forms insoluble complex containing cholesterol that is excreted in feces lowers LDL levels by increasing LDL receptors on hepatocytes
57
Cholestyramine ADEs
constipation bloating belching nausea
58
Cholestyramine Serious ADEs
Obstruction of GI tract hypercholermic acidosis malabsorption syndrome
59
Cholestyramine Contraindications
Complete biliary obstruction serum triglycerides > 400mg/dL hypertryglyceridemia pregnancy GI disorders
60
Cholestyramine Drug Interactions
Dogixin, penicillin, ironsupplement, thyroid hormone, thiazides reduce effects warfarin increases effects
61
Cholestyramine Considerations
- completely dissolve powder before administration - increase fluid intake - assess for early signs of hypothrombinemia - monitor lab tests for therapeutic effectiveness - consult prescriber to see if supplemental vitamins A and D and folic acid are required in LTC
62
Niacin can
reduce triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels, but ADEs limit its usefulness
63
Niacin is a
B complex vitamin decreases production of VLD produces more ADEs than statins additive effects with other drugs instruct patients not to self medicate
64
Fibric acid drugs
lower triglyceride levels but have little effect on LDL cholesterol
65
Types of fibric acid drugs
Fenofibrate fenofibric acid gemfibrozil have little effect on LDL cholesterol but preferred for treating severe hypertriglyceridemia
66
Fabric acid prototype
Gemfibrozil
67
Gemfibrozil therapeutic
antihyperlipidemic
68
Gemfibrozil Pharmacologic
Fibric acid agent
69
Gemfibrozil uses
hypertriglyceridemia and VLDL second line therapy after statins
70
Gemfibrozil MOA
specific MOA Unknown inhibits breakdown of stored fat
71
Gemfibrozil ADEs:
Abdominal cramping D/N dyspepsia headache dizziness peripheral neuropathy diminished libido
72
Gemfibrozil serious ADEs
Cholelithiasis anemia eosinophilia bleeding
73
Gemfibrozil contraindications/precautions
gallbladder disease serious liver impairment renal impairment
74
Gemfibrozil drug interactions
statins increased risk of myositis and rhabdomyolysis Anticoagulatns increased risk of bleeding Antidiabetic enhanced hypoglycemic effects
75
Gemfibrozil considerations
monitor lab tests consult prescriber if inadequate response after 3 months educate pt drug will cause bloating and gas watch for bleeding
76
Miscellaneous drug for dyslipidemias
Ezetimibe

NRSG 220 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions