Chapter 29 Test

Question 1

Why does a cactus have a lot of parenchyma cells?

Answer 1

A cactus has a large amount of parenchyma cells because it needs to store a large amount of water

Question 2

Where are parenchyma cells found most abundantly?

Answer 2

Fleshy parts of fruit, flexible green stems

Question 3

What are the dominant physical characteristics of Sclerenchyma cells?

Answer 3

S. Cells have thick, even rigid cell walls, irregularly shaped, where growth is no longer occurring

Question 4

Groups of different cells working together form-

Answer 4

Tissue

Question 5

When different plant tissues are grouped together, they make up the plant organs. What are the three major plant organs?

Answer 5

Roots, stems, leaves

Question 6

Which cell type is found in most abundantly in dermal tissue

Answer 6

Parenchyma (may be living or dead)

Question 7

What are two different types of sclerenchyma cells forming the xylem?

Answer 7

Tracheids, vescile elements (long tubes)

Question 8

Where are the apical meristems located?

Answer 8

Tips of stems and ends of roots

Question 9

What is the vascular cambium between?

Answer 9

Xylem and phloem

Question 10

What is the difference between the two types of lateral or secondary meristems?

Answer 10

Vascular cambium produces more vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) cork cambium produces cork

Question 11

What is the difference between primary and secondary growth?

Answer 11

Growth in length is called primary growth and is produced by apical and intercelery meristems. Growth in diameter is called secondary growth and is produced by the lateral meristem.

Question 12

What are the three different types of fruits? Give one example each

Answer 12

A. Taproot- route from carrot radish, most woody trees
B. Fibrous root system- grasses
C. Adventitious roots- corn

Question 13

What don’t primary roots grow larger

Answer 13

Primary roots do not grow larger than secondary roots

Question 14

What does the phloem do inside of endodermis?

Answer 14

Inside of endodermis phloem is arranged in patches

Question 15

Does a water lily need much water?

Answer 15

No, it doesn’t because it’s surrounded by water

Question 16

Stems grow in a large variety of different forms as adaptation to the environment. List for different types of stems and give one example of each.

Answer 16

A. Stolons- strawberry
B. Tubers- potato
C. Fleshy stems- cactus.
D. Thorny stems- rosebush

Question 17

What do stems do on monocots?

Answer 17

On monocots, stems, retain primary growth most of their lives

Question 18

Contrast the arrangement of xylem and phloem in the stem versus the root

Answer 18

Xylem and phloem are more compact in roots. Monocot stems, have vascular bundles that move the water and nutrients and are scattered throughout the ground tissue. The xylem and phloem of stems are arranged in bundles much closer to outer dermal tissue, but they are in the center of the root.

Question 19

Where are the lateral meristems and dicot stems located?

Answer 19

Between xylem and phloem of vascular bundle

Question 20

What produces one annual ring in a tree trunk?

Answer 20

In a stem cross-section, the abrupt change between small Summerwood cells, and the following years large Springwood cells produce an annual ring

Question 21

What is the specialized process of moving water and nutrients up from the roots of a plant through the stem and out through the leaves?

Answer 21

Transportation

Question 22

What two properties cause water to move up roots and stems

Answer 22

Cohesion; adhesion

Question 23

Sugars plant hormones and organic compounds are moved about the plant in any direction through the phloem. Most of the sugars. A plant produces are from the leaves. What is the process called where sugars are moved from their production site to their storage site

Answer 23

Translocation

Question 24

Storage areas within the stems and roots are called-

Answer 24

Sink

Question 25

What are stomata

Answer 25

Specialized set of cells that form a pore

Question 26

Explain how stomata work

Answer 26

The stomata of most plants open during the day and close at night. The opening and closing of a stoma is regulated by the amount of water in it’s guard cells

Question 27

When do most plants keep their stomata open and why?

Answer 27

During the day to complete photosynthesis also in need of carbon dioxide

Question 28

How are the leaves of plants that live in full bright sun different from those that grow better in shady spots

Answer 28

Leaves that develop in full sun or thicker, have a less surface area per leaf and have more chloroplasts per unit area leaves that are in shady spots are leaf chloroplasts are arranged so that shading of one chloroplast buy another is minimized, while Sunleaf chloroplasts are not