Chapter 2A Vocabluary

Question 1

prokaryotes

Answer 1

a group of unicellular organisms with no nucleus and a circular loop of DNA. Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic

Question 2

eukaryotes

Answer 2

a group of unicellular and multicellular organisms with a nucleus and linear strands of DNA. Animals, plants, protists and fungi are all eukaryotic.

Question 3

MRS.GREEN cell theory

Answer 3

M- MOVEMENT
R- RESPIRATION
S- SENSITIVITY

G- GROWTH
R- REPRODUCTION
E- EQUILIBRIUM
E- EXCRETION
N- NUTRITION

Question 4

Equilibrium

Answer 4

maintaining a relatively stable internal environment; homeostasis

Question 5

cytosol

Answer 5

aqueous fluid surrounding organelles

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

small RNA-protein
structures that are the site of
protein synthesis. They either
float freely in the cytoplasm or are
attached to the RER

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

a double-stranded nucleic acid
chain made up of nucleotides.
DNA carries the instructions for
proteins which are required for cell
and organism survival

Question 8

membrane-bound organelle

Answer 8

structure within a cell that is
enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

chromosome

Answer 9

 the structure made
of protein and nucleic acids that
carries genetic information

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

a double membrane-bound organelle that protects and
confines the genetic information
(DNA) of a cell. Inside the nucleus
is a smaller structure known as
the nucleolus which is the site of ribosome production.

Question 11

plasmid

Answer 11

a small, circular loop
of DNA that is separate from a
chromosome, typically found
in bacteria

Question 12

somatic cell

Answer 12

any cell that is not a
reproductive cell (such as sperm
and egg cells). Somatic cells are
diploid (2n), meaning they contain
two sets of chromosomes – one
inherited from each parent

Question 13

mitosis

Answer 13

the cell division phase
which involves the complete
separation of sister chromatids
and nuclei

Question 14

meiosis

Answer 14

a specialised form of cell
division used to produce gametes
in sexually-reproducing organisms

Question 15

binary fission

Answer 15

the method of cell
replication used by prokaryotes

Question 16

micrometers

Answer 16

 unit of
measurement where 1 mm
= 1 000 μm

Question 17

gametes

Answer 17

reproductive cells that
arise from germline cells that
contain half the genetic material
(n) of a somatic cell. In humans,
gametes are sperm and eggs

Question 18

germline cells

Answer 18

cells that are
involved in the generation of
gametes in eukaryotes