Chapter 3

Question 1

Define CULTURE

Answer 1

The sum total of the social environment in which we are raised and continue to be socialized throughout our lives.

Question 2

Define CULTURAL UNIVERSALS

Answer 2

Common practices shared by all societies

Question 3

Define MATERIAL CULTURE

Answer 3

Tangible or physical items that people have created for use and give meaning to in a given culture

Question 4

Define NONMATERIAL CULTURE

Answer 4

Intangibles produced by intellectual or spiritual development; also, the use of artifacts in a given culture

Question 5

Define CULTURE SHOCK

Answer 5

A sense of disorientation and confusion that results when placed in unfamiliar surroundings where aspects of the material and nonmaterial culture are new or unknown

Question 6

Define LANGUAGE

Answer 6

A shared system of communication that includes spoken, written, and signed forms of speech as well as nonverbal gestures used to convey meaning

Question 7

Define MOTHER TONGUE

Answer 7

The first language learned at home in childhood that is still understood by an individual

Question 8

Define SAPIR-WHORF HYPTHESIS

Answer 8

The assertion that language helps shape reality for those experiencing it

Question 9

Define FOLKWAYS

Answer 9

Informal norms based on accepted traditions

Question 10

Define MORES

Answer 10

Institutionalize norms embedded in laws used to help maintain social control

Question 11

Define TABOOS

Answer 11

Mores that are considered wrong on and of themselves

Question 12

Define PRESCRIPTIVE NORMS

Answer 12

Rules concerning behavoours we are expected to perform

Question 13

Define PROSCRIPTIVE NORMS

Answer 13

Rules concerning behaviours we are expected to refrain from doing

Question 14

Define EMBLEMS

Answer 14

Gestures wit direct verbal equivalents

Question 15

Define SOCIAL FACTS

Answer 15

Observable social phenomenon external to individuals that exercise power over them

Question 16

Define IDEAL CULTUER

Answer 16

Cultural values a majority of people identif with in a give society

Question 17

Define REAL CULTURE

Answer 17

An ability to understand another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living.

Question 18

Define ETHNOCENTRISM

Answer 18

The tendency to believe that one’s cultural beliefs and practices are superior and should be used as the standard to which other cultures are compared.

Question 19

Define SUBCULTURE

Answer 19

A group that can be differentiated from mainstream culture by its divergent traits involving language, norms, beliefs, and/or values.

Question 20

Define COUNTERCULTURE

Answer 20

A type of subculture that strongly opposes central aspects of mainstream culture.

Question 21

Define SYMBOL

Answer 21

An object, image, or event used to represent a particular concept

Question 22

Define HIGH CULTURE

Answer 22

Activities shared by the social elite

Question 23

Define STATUS SYMBOLS

Answer 23

Material indicators of wealth and prestige

Question 24

Define POPULAR CULTURE

Answer 24

Well- like everyday practices and products

Question 25

Why are norms considered to be regulators of shared behaviours?

Answer 25

Norms inform members of a culture about appropriate and inappropriate forms of conduct; violation of norms result in sanction

Question 26

Why does values exist alongside contradictory norms

Answer 26

There are a number of reasons why values and norms do not always correspond. Traditional beliefs passed down to the next generation may prevent groups from engaging in particular behaviours and may also condone behaviours that go against cultural ideals

Question 27

What Canadian culture makes it unique

Answer 27

• Is evident in the abundance of symbols EX:maple leaf

- high culture refers to well-liked practices and produces that are widely engaged in and/or used by the masses