Chapter 3 Flashcards
Who was the leader of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?
Popé, a priest of the pueblo religion, led a successful revolt that temporarily ended Spanish rule. In 1962, Spanish regained control, loosening religious restrictions.
To what was the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 a response?
It was a response to a Franciscan demand, that the Indians totally reject their traditional culture. The Franciscans wanted the indians to give up their practices and become catholic. They refused. This was in a settlement of New Mexico
How did the Pueblos convert to Christianity?
Pueblos observed Catholicism in churches, and missionaries tolerated traditional practices away from the missions. The pueblos added God to their numerous deities. Church holidays were in included in their religious calendar and celebrated with native dances and rituals. The Indians celebrated all festivals with their own dances and rituals.
How does the term “frontiers of inclusion” describe New Spain and New France?
New Spain and New France were called “frontiers of inclusion” because they were scarcely populated and included many natives in their societies. (The English are going to try to push the Indians away and keep them out. The Spanish and. The French incorporate them into their culture. The Spanish enslaved the Indians, the French were kinder to them.)
Who was Juan de Onate?
He colonized New Mexico primarily to find gold and use Indian converts to mine it.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
He was the man who founded Quebec and laid the basis for the French fur trade.
•To exploit fur trade, French lived throughout region.
–Only French Catholics were permitted
•Quebec City was administrative center of vast French colonial empire.
•French had society of inclusion, intermarried with Indians.
–Formed alliances with Indians rather than conquering
–Missionaries attempted to learn more about Indian customs
What was the real basis for French success in Canada?
Samuel de Champlain was leader and allied with Hurons against Iroquois. The French adapted to Indian ways
Who were the coureurs de bois?
French fur traders who move into the woods and they lived with the Indians.
Why did the population of New France grow slowly?
The population of New France grew slowly because the government restricted Catholics from going and the Huguenots (French version of Puritans) refused to go to New France.
How is New France best described?
New France is best described as a commercial society based on a cooperative relationship with the natives.
How could New France be compared to New Spain?
New France was more accepting of Indian ways and beliefs.
What was the heart of New France?
The heart of New France comprised the communities stretching along the Saint Lawrence river, between the towns of Quebec and Montreal.
Why was the Netherlands able to establish a colony in North America?
New Netherlands was able to establish a colony in North America for the following reasons:
- It formed an alliance with the the Iroquois, (A confederation of five tribes: Cayuga, Mohawks, Omondaga, Seneca, and Oneida) (Women chose the leaders, were able to divorce, and ran the show) (They could also be pretty violent.)
- It developed a prosperous urban with the first modern investment banks.
- It had a strong navy and a number of trading posts around the world/
- It had superior products of metal tools and firearms used for profitable trade.
Who was responsible for the Dutch claim to land in North America?
The person responsible for the Dutch claim to land in North America was Henry Hudson. (He eventually claimed Hudson River) (He was an explorer for hire and worked for both the French and the Dutch)
Three types of Colonies
Joint Stock Colonies: paid for by primitive form of corporation/company
Proprietary Colonies: property of individuals
Royal Colonies: colonies under control of the monarchies
What was the political system of the Algonquian people in the Chesapeake known as?
Algonquian people numbered about 14,000 and a powerful confederacy headed by Powhatan confronted the English. Their political system was known as the Powhatan Confederacy.
Why did the English have no qualms about occupying Jamestown and claiming Virginia as theirs (When there were 14K Indians living there)?
The English had no qualms about occupying Jamestown and claiming Virginia as theirs because they argued that the Indians were mere savages and wild animals and outside the bounds of civilization. They were not considered to be human beings.
Why were the early years at Jamestown difficult?
The early years at Jamestown were difficult for all the following reasons:
- Powhatan came to understand the english were there to take Virginia.
- The colonists’ increasing demands led to war with Powhatan.
- The English did not find gold, and suffered from starvation.
- In the winter of 1609-1610, more than 400 colonists died of starvation
The Virginia Company, which founded Jamestown in 1607, was a
What kind of company was the Virginia Company, which founded Jamestown in 1607?
Joint Stock
What did the company give colonists in Virginia who transported workers to Virginia at their own expense?
If colonists in Virginia transported workers at their own expense, the company gave them lands called Headright grants (50 acres for every person brought over.). Wealthy landowners payed for those who couldn’t afford to go to the new world as long as they worked to pay them. The rich got richer, and the poor got poorer.
What were the results of Jamestown adopting tobacco as its chief product?
- A development of a landed elite (elite because they had a lot of land) and poor underclass.
- A need for workers, which lead to more immigration
- The demand for more land as the society became agricultural
- Tobacco provided the Virginia Company with the first return on their investments.
What were the reasons for Opechancanough’s uprising of 1622?
The colonists´s demand for more land to grow tobacco, the colonists murder of the Shaman Nemattanew, the decrease in the possibility of inclusion with the Indians after Pocohantas’ death, and the English refusal to incorporate the Indians in trade and as workers.
To what did the ten-year war following Opechancanough’s uprising of 1622 lead?
The ten year war following Opechanacanough´s uprising of 1622 led to James 1 converting Virginia into a royal colony. The were no longer under the authority of the Virginia Company, but the king.
What led to Virginia becoming a “frontier of exclusion”?
After the adoption of tobacco, the English colony ofV irginia attracted more Englishmen and women, had less reason to include Indians and became of a frontier of exclusion.
–The colony grew without having to rely on Indian intermarriage thus pushing the Indians off of their land.
–Disease claimed many English settlers.
•Conflicts between Algonquians and English occurred from 1622-1632 and again in 1644
•Defeat in 1644 was the last Indian resistance by the Powhatan Confederacy.
What authority did the House of Burgesses have, and when was it established?
It was established in 1619 and the authority was over taxes and finances.
Why was the colony of Maryland distinctive? Charles I (Lord Baltimore) granted it to the Calverts who made it a Catholic refuge
Why was the colony of Maryland distinctive? - Charles I granted it to the Calvert (Lord Baltimore’s family name) who made it a Catholic refuge.
Elizabeth I (family name - Tudor)
her cousin, James VI (scotland) took over and became James I (Stewart or Stuart) - king when Jamestown was founded
his son - Charles I - had to borrow money from Catholic Lord Baltimore and paid him back by giving him Maryland
then Charles II, and James II - brothers. sons of Charles I
James II’s son was not allowed to throne as he was catholic, and the throne went to James II’s daughter Mary (who married William)
