Chapter 3

Question 1

How many cells make up the human body?

Answer 1

50-100 trillion

Question 2

Lack dna-containing nuclei

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells

Question 3

Have nuclei containing DNA

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Surrounds cell, separating it from external environment

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

Heads face inside and outside of cell

Answer 5

Hydrophilic

Question 6

Trails face each other to avoid water

Answer 6

Hydrophobic

Question 7

Movement of molecules from region of high concentration to region of low concentration

Answer 7

Diffusion

Question 8

Net movement of water across semipermeable membrane

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Same solute concentration as fluid inside cell ( 0.9%)

Answer 9

Isotonic

Question 10

Higher solute concentration than fluid inside cell (>.9%)

Answer 10

Hypertonic

Question 11

Lower solute concentration than fluid inside cell (<.9%)

Answer 11

Hypotonic

Question 12

Transport across plasma membrane from area to area of high concentration to area of low concentration using protein carriers

Answer 12

Facilitated transport

Question 13

Movement across plasma membrane from area of lower concentration to area of higher concentration

Answer 13

Active transport

Question 14

Movement of large molecules or substances in bulk across plasma membrane

Answer 14

Bulk transport

Question 15

part of plasmamembrane pinches off to form a vesicle, bringing material into the cell

Answer 15

Endocytosis

Question 16

Vesicle fuses with plasma membrane to move material out of the cell

Answer 16

Exocytosis

Question 17

A gel-like material containing “little organs” and lots of other stuff

Answer 17

Cytoplasm

Question 18

Structure in which components of ribosomes are made

Answer 18

Nucleolus

Question 19

Stack of sac-like structures

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Membranous sacs produced by Golgi

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

Membrane-bound sacs

Answer 21

Vesicles

Question 22

“Powerhouse” of the cell

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

Protein fibers found on inside of plasma membrane

Answer 23

Cytoskeleton

Question 24

Short, hair-like structures

Answer 24

Cilia

Question 25

Long, whip-like structures

Answer 25

Flagella

Question 26

Helps cells within tissues function in coordinated manner

Answer 26

Cell junctions

Question 27

Connect cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

Answer 27

Adhesion junctions

Question 28

Link cells and form barriers

Answer 28

Tight junctions

Question 29

All chemical reactions within a cell

Answer 29

Metabolism

Question 30

Speed up chemical reactions

Answer 30

Enzymes

Question 31

Produces two 3-carbon molecules of pyrurate from one 6-carbon molecule of glucose

Answer 31

Glycolysis

Question 32

Production of small amounts of ATP in anaerobic conditions

Answer 32

Fermentation