Chapter 3 Flashcards by fermin chapa

Lipid by layer provides protection controls permeability, isolation, sensitivity

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Entire cellular content, cytosol, and organelles

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fluid part of the cell, syrupy fluid in which organelles float

Cytosol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Network of proteins that give the cell shape and support

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Long membrane extensions that move substances along the cell surface

Cilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Separate chromosomes during cell division often found in right angles

Centrioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Synthesize proteins, freely floating in cytosol, synthesize proteins that remain in the cell

Free ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are attached to the rough endoplasmic rectilium. Synthesized proteins that are going to be excreted

Bound ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Double membrane with pores, it stores and protects DNA

Nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Has bound ribosomes on its surface, it packages proteins for transport in the cell for secretion

Rough endoplasmic rectilium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lacks ribosomes on its surface, synthesize lipids for membrane growth and repair

Smooth endoplasmic rectilium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Short membrane extensions that increase the surface area for absorption

Microvilli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Series of flattened membranous sacs; modify proteins and package them into secretory vesicles for release

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contain enzymes that convert glucose and oxygen into 36 atp

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specialized vessels that contain enzymes that digest foreign substances

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Scientists estimate that each cell of the body contains instructions, written in a chemical language called_______ to synthesize somewhere between 10,000 and 30,000 different proteins

Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are organic molecules that perform a very large majority of the functions within a cell

Proteins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Make up the cytoskeleton and other structural elements

Structural proteins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Some proteins are called ______, proteins involved in biochemical reactions that do things like break down large molecules into smaller ones, and they can also build large molecules from smaller ones

Enzymes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All of these thousands of proteins are made of the exact same 20 building blocks called

Amino acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What makes one protein different from all the others is the number and order of the

Amino acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Our protein factory has a distinct outer wall, the _______, which isolates the internal environment from other cells and chemicals.

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cell membrane is composed of ________

Lipids
Proteins
Cholesterol
Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This ________ regulates what substances can enter or exit the cell which makes the cell semi permeable

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All the contents of the cell are called the ______, which includes a syrupy liquid called ______ and all the organelles floating in the syrup

Cytoplasm Cytosol

The control center for our cells is called

The nucleus

The membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the ________ and is a double membrane with openings in it called ______, for small chemicals to pass

Nuclear envelope Nuclear pores

The nucleus contains molecules of _______ which is the instructions for the order and arrangement of the amino acids in every protein for the cell

DNA

Builds the protein products is the

Ribosome

Ribosomes simply wait for instructions called_________ on which protein is currently needed and how to build that specific protein

MRNA

If a protein stays within the cell it is synthesized on a

Free ribosome

If the protein is to be secreted, when the ribosome binds to mRNA it will then attach to the __________, build the protein, and then insert into the lumen of the _______

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes that are bound to the ER are referred to as ?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Once built, the ER will pinch off a piece of its membrane into a tiny vesicle called a ________ which then carries the protein to the Golgi apparatus

Transport vesicle

The ______ is a series of flattened membrane sacs that contain enzymes that can modify the protein into its final, functional form and package it into a vesicle to be secreted called _______

Golgi apparatus Secretory vesicle

Every factory must have a power source, and in cells the source of energy is the

Mitochondrion

Mitochondria burns sugars, like glucose, in the presence of oxygen to create cellular energy called

Adenosine tri-phosphate ATP

Provides approximately 95% or more of the cells energy

Mitochondria

If something needs to be cleaned up or removed from the cell, a special vesicle called a _______ performs the function

Lysosome

Are similar to transport vesicles but the proteins they contain are called digestive enzymes, which are powerful proteins that can digest and destroy foreign substances like viruses, debris, viruses, as well as worn out or damaged organelles

Lysosomes

The ______ is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and separates the intracelluar and extra cellular fluids.

Cell membrane also called the plasmalemma

Best working definition of the cell membrane Complex mixture of lipids in the bilayer Proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol mixed in

Fluid mosaic model

Four functions of the cell membrane

Isolation Protection Permeability Sensitivity

Move stuff within or into or out of the cell by burning cellular energy

Active transport

Move stuff into and out of the cell without burning energy

Passive transport

Is the passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Diffusion

One substance requires the presence of another substance to move passively

Facilitated diffusion

Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Osmosis

If diffusion cannot occur _______ will and in the opposite direction

Osmosis

Draw and describe a typical phospholipid found in animal cells

Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail

Rupturing of an RBC when placed in a hypotonic solution

Hemolysis

The only thing a RBC is permeable to is

Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water

Is a shriveling of an RBC in a hypertonic solution

Crenation

Concentration of a solute in a solution

Tonicity

Higher concentration of a solution

Hypertonic

Lower concentration of a solution

Hypotonic

Same concentration of a solute

Isotonic

Red blood cells are ?

Erythrocytes 0.9 sodium chloride

To fight the rate of diffusion we must actively pump ions against their pressure gradients. The cell has a special integral membrane protein called the _________ that gets the job done. One square micrometer contains approximately 1000 pumps in an average cell

Sodium potassium pump

All Nucleic acids are long chains of

Nucleotides

Nucleotides are made of three things

Carbon sugar Phosphate group Nitrogen base

Involves moving vesicles around inside the cell, as well as moving substances into and out of the cell

Vesicular transport

The process of substances exiting the cell using a secretory vesicle as in the form of active transport

Exocytosis

Process of substances entering the cell using a vesicle

Endocytosis

There are two categories of endocytosis

Phagocytosis Pinocytosis

Eat solid substances viruses, bacteria, food, is taken in by endocytosis

Phagocytosis

Is when the cell takes in intracellular fluid using a vesicle

Pinocytosis

Red blood cells are not permeable to

Sodium chloride

Red blood cells when placed in a hypertonic solution the cell will?

Shrivel up

When red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution the cell will ?

Rupture

Normal saline solution is _______ to red blood cells

Isotonic

What is ATP ?

1 adenosine molecule with 3 phosphates attached

Glucose and oxygen run them through mitochondria and it will produce

36 ATP

What is the function of the sodium potassium pump ?

It pumps three intracellular sodiums back out of the cell and pumps two potassium’s back into the cell and it’s a form of active transport

Vesicular transport is a form of

Active transport

An opening in the nuclear envelope that allows substances to enter and exit the nucleus

Nuclear pores

Two strands of nucleotides that are coiled around each other

Double helix

A series of bases (nucleotides) on a chromosome that is the instructions for the order of amino acids in a protein

Gene

Loosely coiled dna

Chromatin

Densely coiled DNA

Chromosome

The five carbon sugar found in DNA called ? the five carbon sugar found in RNA is called ?

Deoxyribose Ribose

Phosphate group for DNA and RNA is ?

PO4 -

Nitrogenous base for DNA

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Nitrogenous base for RNA

Adenine Uracil Cytosine Guanine

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(84 cards)