Chapter 3

Question 0

Robert Boyle

Answer 0

First scientist to define element based on experiment

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance

Question 2

Element symbol

Answer 2

Usually consist of the first or first two letters of an elements name

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Composed of two or more elements with a constant ratio

Question 4

John dalton

Answer 4

Atomic theory law of conservation of matter

Question 5

Law of constant composition

Answer 5

A given compound always has the same composition ( same number and type of atoms)

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

The fundamental unit of which all elements are composed

Question 7

Chemical formula

Answer 7

Indicates the element symbols and the number of each type of atom with a subscript

Question 8

J.J. Thompson

Answer 8

Cathode ray tube (ctr)

Question 9

Electron

Answer 9

Negatively charged particle outside of nucleus

Question 10

Neutron

Answer 10

Particle with no charge found inside the nucleus

Question 11

Proton

Answer 11

The positively barged particle found inside the nucleus

Question 12

Plum pudding model

Answer 12

The atom was like plum pudding with electron randomly scattered throughout

Question 13

Nuclear model

Answer 13

Model for the atom

Atom with dense center of positive charge( nucleus) around which electrons move in space otherwise empty

Question 14

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 14

Performed gold foil experiment

Developed model for atom Nuclear Model

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Small dense center of atom contains protons and neutrons center has positive charge

Question 16

Isotopes

Answer 16

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 17

Atomic number

Answer 17

The number of protons in an atom.

Determines identity of the element

Question 18

Mass number

Answer 18

The sum of the protons plus the neutrons

Question 19

Periodic table

Answer 19

Shows all the known elements with information about them organized by atomic number

Question 20

Dmitri Mendelev

Answer 20

The first scientist to organize elements by horizontal rows and vertical columns

Question 21

Groups

Answer 21

(Family) numbered 1-12 vertical column elements of same group have similar chemical properties some have special names

Question 22

Period

Answer 22

(Series) horizontal row are numbered from 1-7

Question 24

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 24

Contain elements in group 2 and make up a large portions of earths crust

Question 25

Halogens

Answer 25

Contain elements in group 17 and are very reactive

Question 26

Noble gases

Answer 26

Contain elements of group 18 and are very unreactive

Question 27

Transition metals

Answer 27

Contain elements in group 3-12 contain your characteristic metals such as silver,copper, gold

Question 28

Metals

Answer 28

``` has the following characteristics Lustrous Malleable and ductile Conduct heat and electricity Are solid at room temp. Elements left and below stair step line are metals except hydrogen ```

Question 29

Metalliods

Answer 29

(Semi metals) have characteristics in between the metals and nonmetals only 7 elements are metalliods

Question 30

Nonmetals

Answer 30

``` Dull Brittle Nonconductive Many are gases at room temp. All elements to the rights and above stair step line are nonmetals ```

Question 31

Diatomic molecules

Answer 31

Molecules made of 2 atoms of the same element 7 diatomic elements Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

Question 32

Ion

Answer 32

A charged particle

Question 33

Cation

Answer 33

A positive ion formed by losing electrons

Question 34

Anion

Answer 34

A negative ion formed by gaining electrons

Question 35

Ionic compound

Answer 35

Compound formed between oppositely charged ions

Question 36

Alkali metals

Answer 36

Contain elements in group 1 they are very reactive