Chapter 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Gender Stereotypes Don’t Die Easily
-1970’s women began complaining about negative portrayals of women
-2013 Todd complained that men now seem in a similar position without complaints
Gender Stereotypes
Generalized beliefs and attitudes about masculinity and femininity
-Including psychological traits & characteristics
-Activities appropriate to men or women
Doctrine of 2 Spheres
Belief that men and women have different interests & roles that do not overlap (opposites)
-Arose during Industrial Rev.
(agricultural to industrial, men took jobs outside of home, women responsible for home & family)
Cult of True Womanhood
Glorified image of Victorian Women
-Piety (religious), purity, domesticity and submissiveness
-Without these, women life has no meaning
4 Themes of Male Sex Role Identity
No Sissy Stuff (not like women)
The Big Wheel (success & status)
Give ‘Em Hell (aggression, daring, violence)
The Sturdy Oak (toughness, confidence, self-reliance)
Gender-Role Strain Paradigm
Result of the 60’s & 70’s where men & women started to stray from tradition gender
-Roles for men are contradictory & successful
-Violating roles has worse consequences for men
-Some characteristics prescribed by roles are maldaptive
Hegemonic Masculinity
Attempts to subordinate women and less accepted versions of masculinity
Terman’s Attitude Interest Analysis Survey
Masculine/feminine on one dimension
M——————-F
Scores differentiate men from women
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(Unidimensional & bipolar)
Measuring male homosexual tendencies
Unidimensional Approach
M———–F
Two-Dimensional Approach
Low———————–High
M
Low————————High
F
Androgyny
Mixture of both masculine and feminine characteristics
Bem Sex Role Inventory
2 dimensional
1 scale masc, 1 scale fem
Masculine, feminine, androgynous, undifferentiated
Attitudes
Explicit: consciously aware (ex opinions)
Implicit: not consciously aware of biases
Implicit Association Test
Measures how long it takes participants to react to similarity of word pairs (stereotypical associations are faster(
Advantages & Disadvantages of Stereotyping
Streamlines cognitive processes
But creates distortions and incorrect generalizations
Prejudice & Discrimination
Negative evaluation of an entire group (attitude)
Differential treatment (Behaviour)
Perception
Basis for cognitive processing hat can become a stereotype
Attribute stereotypes more strongly to others than ourselves
Stereotypes affect:
-traits
-behaviour
-appearance
-occupations
Stereotypes Changing
-More flexibility to women in mens roles than men in women’s roles, masculine traditions more stable
-Women believe men hold more stereotypes than they do (negative stereotyping)
Illusory Correlation
Belief that a correlation exists or that it is stronger than it actually is, contributes to maintaining stereotypes
Development of Stereotypes in Children
-Age 2: applying gender labels
-Age 3: signs of stereotyping
-Starts with own sex
-Flexible application until 5-7
Negative Impact of Stereotyping
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Stereotype threat:
-Fear of being negatively stereotyped
-Accepts self concept
-Influences women & ethnic minorities to perform more poorly
Ambivalent Sexism
Hostile sexism: negative attitudes toward women
Benevolent Sexism
Positive attitudes that serve to belittle women and keep them subservient (women as weaker, less competent)
