Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gender Stereotypes Don’t Die Easily

A

-1970’s women began complaining about negative portrayals of women
-2013 Todd complained that men now seem in a similar position without complaints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gender Stereotypes

A

Generalized beliefs and attitudes about masculinity and femininity
-Including psychological traits & characteristics
-Activities appropriate to men or women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Doctrine of 2 Spheres

A

Belief that men and women have different interests & roles that do not overlap (opposites)
-Arose during Industrial Rev.
(agricultural to industrial, men took jobs outside of home, women responsible for home & family)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cult of True Womanhood

A

Glorified image of Victorian Women
-Piety (religious), purity, domesticity and submissiveness
-Without these, women life has no meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 Themes of Male Sex Role Identity

A

No Sissy Stuff (not like women)
The Big Wheel (success & status)
Give ‘Em Hell (aggression, daring, violence)
The Sturdy Oak (toughness, confidence, self-reliance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gender-Role Strain Paradigm

A

Result of the 60’s & 70’s where men & women started to stray from tradition gender
-Roles for men are contradictory & successful
-Violating roles has worse consequences for men
-Some characteristics prescribed by roles are maldaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hegemonic Masculinity

A

Attempts to subordinate women and less accepted versions of masculinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Terman’s Attitude Interest Analysis Survey

A

Masculine/feminine on one dimension
M——————-F
Scores differentiate men from women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A

(Unidimensional & bipolar)
Measuring male homosexual tendencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Unidimensional Approach

A

M———–F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two-Dimensional Approach

A

Low———————–High
M
Low————————High
F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Androgyny

A

Mixture of both masculine and feminine characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bem Sex Role Inventory

A

2 dimensional
1 scale masc, 1 scale fem
Masculine, feminine, androgynous, undifferentiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attitudes

A

Explicit: consciously aware (ex opinions)
Implicit: not consciously aware of biases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Implicit Association Test

A

Measures how long it takes participants to react to similarity of word pairs (stereotypical associations are faster(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Stereotyping

A

Streamlines cognitive processes
But creates distortions and incorrect generalizations

17
Q

Prejudice & Discrimination

A

Negative evaluation of an entire group (attitude)
Differential treatment (Behaviour)

18
Q

Perception

A

Basis for cognitive processing hat can become a stereotype
Attribute stereotypes more strongly to others than ourselves
Stereotypes affect:
-traits
-behaviour
-appearance
-occupations

19
Q

Stereotypes Changing

A

-More flexibility to women in mens roles than men in women’s roles, masculine traditions more stable
-Women believe men hold more stereotypes than they do (negative stereotyping)

20
Q

Illusory Correlation

A

Belief that a correlation exists or that it is stronger than it actually is, contributes to maintaining stereotypes

21
Q

Development of Stereotypes in Children

A

-Age 2: applying gender labels
-Age 3: signs of stereotyping
-Starts with own sex
-Flexible application until 5-7

22
Q

Negative Impact of Stereotyping

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy
Stereotype threat:
-Fear of being negatively stereotyped
-Accepts self concept
-Influences women & ethnic minorities to perform more poorly

23
Q

Ambivalent Sexism

A

Hostile sexism: negative attitudes toward women

24
Q

Benevolent Sexism

A

Positive attitudes that serve to belittle women and keep them subservient (women as weaker, less competent)

25
Q

Cultures in the USA

A

African American & Caucasian women hold similar conceptualization of womanhood
Hispanic women more than Hispanic men cause use their ethnic identity as positive in school
For African Americans, majority race of famous is more of factor than gender for feeling stereotyped

26
Q

Similarities & differences in gender globally

A

Male- instrumental or agentic
Female - expressive or communal
No single gender description applies to all cultures
More similarities than differences by not universal
Differs by ethic group and geography