Chapter 3

Question 1

Conception

Answer 1

the action of conceiving a child or of a child being conceived.

Question 2

Implantation

Answer 2

the attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy.

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

The embryonic period of prenatal development occurs 2 to 8
weeks after conception.
The rate of cell differentiation intensifies, and the mass of cells is
now called embryo.

Question 4

Typical prenatal development period

Answer 4

The germinal period of prenatal development occurs in the first 2
weeks after conception.
The embryonic period of prenatal development occurs 2 to 8
weeks after conception.
The fetal period lasts about seven months, from between 2
months after conception and birth.

Question 5

Embryo period of prenatal development

Answer 5

The embryonic period of prenatal development occurs 2 to 8
weeks after conception.
The rate of cell differentiation intensifies, and the mass of cells is
now called embryo.
* Three layers of cells: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
(inner, middle, and outer layers).
Life-support systems for the embryo form, and organs appear.

Question 6

Life support systems for the embryo

Answer 6

Amnion: a sac that contains a clear fluid in which the
developing embryo floats.
* Umbilical cord: contains two arteries and one vein and
connects the baby to the placenta.
* Placenta: a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood
vessels from the mother and the fetus intertwine but do not join.
* Organogenesis: organ formation that takes place during the
first 2 months of prenatal development.

Question 7

Amniotic fluid

Answer 7

a clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the unborn baby (fetus) during pregnancy.

Question 8

Age of viability

Answer 8

Between 22 and 26 weeks gestation.

Question 9

First organ/system to develop during pregnancy

Answer 9

The heart

Question 10

Time period needed to determine sex of unborn child

Answer 10

As early as 14 weeks

Question 11

Teratogen agent

Answer 11

any agent that can cause a birth defect or negatively alter
cognitive and behavioral developmental outcomes

Question 12

Dietary recommendations for pregnant women

Answer 12

Should consume Folic acid and avoid consuming mercury-laden fish.

Question 13

Pregnancy risks (Age Groups)

Answer 13

After age 35, there’s a higher risk of pregnancy-related complications that might lead to a C-section delivery. The risk of chromosomal conditions is higher. Babies born to older mothers have a higher risk of certain chromosomal conditions, such as Down syndrome. The risk of pregnancy loss is higher. Adolescents who give birth also have a risk of having a baby with a low birth weight.

Question 14

Centering Pregnancy Program

Answer 14

CenteringPregnancy is a relationship-centered program providing
complete prenatal care in a group setting or group prenatal care.
* Sessions emphasize empowering women to play an active role
in experiencing a positive pregnancy.
* Research shows positive outcomes for the fetus and child as
well as the mother.

Question 15

Stages of the birth process

Answer 15

First stage: uterine contractions are 15 to 20 minutes apart and
last up to 1 minute.
* This is the longest stage, 6 to 12 hours.
Second stage: the baby’s head starts to move through the cervix
and birth canal.
* This takes 45 minutes to an hour and ends when the baby
completely emerges from the mother’s body.
Third stage: afterbirth.
* Afterbirth: when the placenta, umbilical cord, and other
membranes are detached and expelled, lasting only minutes.

Question 16

Breech position/ Cesarean section

Answer 16

Breech position: the baby’s position in the uterus causes the
buttocks to be the first part to emerge.
Cesarean delivery: surgically removing the baby from the
mother’s uterus through an abdominal incision.

Question 17

NICU Interventions

Answer 17

Interventions include the newborn individualized care and assessment program, massage, oral-motor stimulation, positioning, skin-to-skin care, music, visual stimuli, light, and multimodal stimulation