Chapter 3

Question 1

Kernel

Answer 1

All operating systems have a kernel, which is a low-level piece of code responsible for controlling the the rest of the operating system. Windows uses a multiprocessor aware, preemptive multitasking kernel

Question 2

SOHO (Small office home office)

Answer 2

Typically used to refer to network devices designed for small-scale LANs (up to 10 users).

Question 3

Android

Answer 3

Mobile (smartphone and tablet) OS developed by the Open Handset Alliance (primarily sponsored by Google). Android is open source software.

Question 4

Apple

Answer 4

Desktop and portable computer (and latterly smartphone and tablet) manufacturer. Apple computers are built to use OS X which makes them incompatible with IBM PC/Windows-based software.

Question 5

Chrome OS

Answer 5

Chrome OS is derived from Linux, via an open source OS called Chromium. Chrome OS itself is proprietary. Chrome OS is developed by Google to run on specific laptop (chromebooks) and PC (chromeboxes) hardware.

Question 6

iOS

Answer 6

Mobile OS developed by Apple for its iPhone and iPad devices.

Question 7

Linux

Answer 7

An open-source operating system supported by a wide range of hardware and software vendors.

Question 8

Microsoft

Answer 8

The world’s foremost supplier of operating system and Office productivity software. Microsoft has dominated the PC market since the development of the first IBM compatible PCs running MS-DOS.

Question 9

OS X

Answer 9

Operating system designed by Apple for their range of iMac computers, Mac workstations, and MacBook portables. OS X is based on the BSD version of UNIX. OS X is well supported by application vendors, especially in the design industry (Adobe/Macromedia).

Question 10

UNIX Systems

Answer 10

UNIX was originally developed by the telecommunications company AT&T during the late 1960s and early 1970s. UNIX is now a family of more than 20 related operating systems that are produced by various companies. It has become the operating system of choice for many high powered workstations. It is capable of supporting parallel processing and can run on a wide variety of platforms. UNIX offers a multitude of file systems in addition to its native system. UNIX servers are the main types of server that form the Internet and are able to use the TCP/IP protocol suite to provide compatibility between networks.

Question 11

Virtualization Technology

Answer 11

Software allowing a single computer (the host) to run multiple “guest” operating systems (or Virtual Machines [VM]). The VMs are configured via a hypervisor or VM Monitor (VMM). VMs can be connected using virtual networks (vSwitch) or leverage the host’s network interface(s). It is also possible for the VMs to share data with the host (via shared folders or the clipboard for instance). VT is now used as major infrastructure in data centers as well as for testing and training.

Question 12

VM (Virtual Machine)

Answer 12

Operating systems running in Protected Mode can utilize a separate VM for various 32-bit processes. This provides protection so that each program is protected from all other programs. Virtual Machine also (more commonly now) refers to multiple operating systems installed on a single host PC using virtualization software (a hypervisor), such as Microsoft Hyper-V or VMware.

Question 13

Windows

Answer 13

Ubiquitous operating system from Microsoft. Windows started as version 3.1 for 16-bit computers. A workgroup version provided rudimentary network facilities. Windows NT 4 workstations and servers (introduced in 1993) provided reliable 32-bit operation and secure network facilities, based around domains. The Windows 9x clients (Windows 95, 98, and Me) had far lower reliability and only support for workgroups, but were still hugely popular as home and business machines. Windows 2000 workstations (Windows 2000 Professional) married the hardware flexibility and user interface of Windows 9x to the reliability and security of Windows NT, while the server versions saw the introduction of Active Directory for managing network objects. Windows XP is the mainstream client version (with Home, Professional, Media Center, Tablet PC, and 64-bit editions) while Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016 provide the latest generation of servers. The subsequent client releases of Windows (Vista and Windows 7) feature a substantially different interface (Aero) with 3D features as well as security improvements. The latest client versions - Windows 8 and Windows 10 - are designed for use with touchscreen devices.

Question 14

Windows Explorer

Answer 14

The standard interface provided for the management of files and folders under Windows. This has been renamed File Explorer in Windows 10 and is often just known as “Explorer.”

Question 15

What function of an operating system is performed by the “shell”?

A.Interface between a host computer and a guest operating system.
B.Interface between the applications and the hardware.
C.Interface between the hardware and the firmware.
D.Interface between the user and the computer.

Answer 15

D
The “shell” provides an interface between the user and the computer. Early operating systems for PCs utilized command-line interfaces or simple menu systems. Modern computers utilize a Graphical User Interface (GUI) and a command-line interface.

Interfacing between applications and the hardware is a function performed by driver software and system utility applications within the operating system.

Interfacing between hardware and firmware on a PC is a function performed by the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) or the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).

Interfacing between a host computer and a guest operating system is a function performed by a hypervisor as part of virtualization.

Question 16

Which system object provides the functionality for a hardware component?

A. A directory
B. A device driver
C. A program
D. A document

Answer 16

B

The functionality of hardware components is provided through device driver files. A device driver is typically written by the manufacturer for specific hardware. Some devices utilize generic driver files created by the operating system vendor.

A directory is a folder in which files are stored. Driver files, for example, are stored within the \system32\drivers directory.

A program or executable file is an application or some form of program that performs an action. For example, the notepad program has an executable file called notepad.exe.

A user file, such as a document, refers to the files that users create, like word processing files or image files. These files will not help interface with hardware.

Question 17

What is an example of open source operating systems?

A.BIOS and UEFI firmware
B.Windows and MacOS
C.Embedded operating systems
D.Linux, Chromium, or Android

Answer 17

D

Linux, Chromium, or Android are examples of open source operating systems. Generally, open source refers to a computer program in which the source code is available to the general public for use and/or modification from its original design. Open source code is typically a collaborative effort where programmers improve upon the source code and share the changes within the community so that other members can help improve it further.

Windows and MacOS operating systems are examples of commercial software which is closed source.

Embedded operating systems are typically standalone devices designed for a specific purpose. The Operating system may be derived from Linux; however, it is not typically open source.

Firmware, like the BIOS and UEFI, usually come with the computer when you buy it and is not considered open source.

Question 18

What type of computing device(s) is macOS designed for installation on?

A. Servers and network storage
B. Smartphones and tablets
C. Feature phones
D. Workstations and laptops

Answer 18

D

MacOS is designed for installation on workstations and laptops. MacOS is the operating system developed by Apple and used on all Apple workstation and laptop products.

Smartphones and tablets primarily use either Apple’s iOS or the Android operating system. The OS used on smartphones and tablets depends on which company manufactured the device.

Feature phones are cell phones popular before the modern smartphone. Feature phones operated using firmware, not operating systems.

Servers and network storage systems use operating systems designed for multiuser or domain environments.

Question 19

Which of these statements is FALSE regarding the Windows 10 versions available?

A. Windows 10 Enterprise is similar to the Pro edition but designed for licensing by small businesses.
B. Windows 10 Pro comes with extra networking and management features.
C. Windows 10 Home is designed for domestic small/home office business use.
D. Windows 10 Education/Pro Education is for schools and colleges.

Answer 19

A

Windows 10 Enterprise/Windows 10 Enterprise (Long Term Servicing Channel) is similar to the Pro edition, but it is designed for licensing by large businesses.

Windows 10 Pro is designed for medium to large sized businesses, and comes with networking and management features designed to allow network administrators more control over each client device.

Windows 10 Home is designed for domestic small/home office business use.

Windows 10 Education/Pro Education has some of the same features as the Enterprise and Pro editions, but it is designed for licensing by schools and colleges.

Question 20

ou are using the mouse to access a file located on a network server. There are currently no mapped drives. What should be your first step?

A.Open the search dialog box and type the name of the file you are looking for.
B.Open the This PC object from Explorer and locate the server hosting the file.
C.Open the Quick Access object from Explorer and locate the server hosting the file.
D.Open the Network object from Explorer and locate the server hosting the file.

Answer 20

D

Your first step to open a file located on a network server is to open the Network object from Explorer and locate the server (computer) the file is hosted on.

If you open the This PC object from Explorer, you will find files that are stored on your computer.

Opening the Quick Access object from Explorer will show the various folders and libraries that have been marked as needing quick access. This will not show network server files unless they have been mapped to your PC and marked as quick access.

The search dialog box can help locate files on the local PC, but it will not search network file storage.

Question 21

What is the technical term for a web address?

A.Hyperlink (HL)
B.Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
C.Address bar
D.Website name

Answer 21

B

The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the technical term for a web address; however, Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is now preferred in web standards documentation. Despite web standards, URL is more widely known and used.

A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to “jump” to a new document or different website.

The address bar is the space in the window of a web browser that is used to display the address of a website. A URL can be entered into the address bar.

A website name is not necessarily the same as the URL. Some websites use abbreviated URLs that are not identical to the name of the website.

Question 22

What key combination can you use to force the browser to ignore any locally cached files when refreshing a page?

A.Ctrl++
B.Crtl+Alt+Del
C.Ctrl+F5
D.Alt+F4

Answer 22

C

When browsing the web, holding Ctrl and pressing F5 instructs the browser to perform a refresh but to ignore the locally cached files. This forces the browser to retrieve the newest copy of the website from the web server.

Holding Ctrl and pressing either + or - will instruct the browser to either zoom in or zoom out.

Holding Ctrl + Alt + Del will bring up a page for account controls and locking the Windows session. This is not a browser hotkey combination.

Holding Alt and pressing F4 will invoke a Windows function that closes the currently open window.

Question 23

Which of the following methods can be used to open the Computer Management console? (Select all that apply.)

A.Right-click the This PC object in File Explorer.
B.Right-click the Start button.
C.Right-click the Taskbar.
D.Via the Settings app.

Answer 23

A and B

This PC represents the computer within the File Explorer hierarchy and its shortcut menu contains options for Manage (Computer Management) and Properties (System applet).

The shortcut menu for the Start button contains many configuration and administrative utilities, including the Computer Management console.

The shortcut menu for the Taskbar can be used to configure its properties and to start the Task Manager monitoring utility, but not to open Computer Management.

The Settings app contains touchscreen-enabled configuration dialogs. Computer Management is an older Windows configuration tool that requires a mouse and keyboard to operate effectively.