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Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 1-4 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of cells

A

Cytology

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2
Q

Basic unit of life

A

Cell

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3
Q

Encloses cell contents

Outer layer of the cell

Composed mainly of lipids and proteins

A

Plasma membrane

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4
Q

Short extension of the plasma membrane

Absorb materials into the cell

A

Microvilli

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5
Q

Centre of the cell and largest organelle

Contains chromosomes

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Smaller nuclear body in the nucleus

Makes ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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7
Q

Colloid that fills the cell

Consists of cytosol and organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Surrounds the organelles

A

Cytosol

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9
Q

Network of membranes within cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

Manufacture proteins

Composed of RNA and proteins

A

Ribosomes

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11
Q

Ayers of membranes

Packages and transport

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

Powerhouse

Convert energy from nutrients for the cell in the form of ATP

DNa is found

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

Lysosomes

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14
Q

Break down harmful substances

A

Peroxisomes

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15
Q

Destroy improperly synthesized proteins

Barrel shaped organelles

A

Proteasomes

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16
Q

Small membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm

Store materials and move materials into or out of the cell

A

Vesicles

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17
Q

Rod shape bodies

Help separate the chromosomes during cell division

A

Centrioles

18
Q

Structure the extend from the cell

Move the cell or the fluids around the cell

A

Surface projections

19
Q

Short hairlike projections

A

Cilia

20
Q

Long whiplike extension

A

Flagellum

21
Q

Concentration gradient drives particle flow

High concentration to one of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

22
Q

Specific type of diffusion

Movement of solvent molecules theough semi permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

23
Q

Moves water and dissolved substances down a pressure gradient

A

Filtration

24
Q

Molecules that travel against the natural flow from a low to a high concentration

A

Active transport

25
Q

Movement of large amounts of material through plasma membrane using vesicles

A

Bulk transport

26
Q

Bulk movement of material into the cell

A

Endocytosis

27
Q

Cell eating

Engulfing of relatively large particles by the cell membrane

A

Phagocytosis

28
Q

Droplets of fluid are engulfed by the cell membrane

“Cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

29
Q

Production of proteins as determined by ones DNA

A

Protein synthesis

30
Q

What are the proteins in the body made up of?

A

Amino acids

31
Q

Types of rna
Built on a strand of DNA
Transcribes the nucleotide code

A

Messenger RNa(mrna)

32
Q

Types of rna
The site of protein synthesis
Involved in the process of translating the genetic message

A

Ribosomal rna (RRna)

33
Q

Type of RNA
Translate the genetic code
Carries an amino acid

A

Transfer rna

34
Q

Produces somatic cells
Parent stem cell gives rise to two identical daughter cell

A

Mitosis

35
Q

Produces gametes
Cute chromosome number in half to prepare for union of egg and sperm

A

Meiosis

36
Q

What are the stages of mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

37
Q

Stage of mitosis

Dna strands coil into chromosomes
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear
Centrioles move to opposite poles and form spindle

A

Prophase

38
Q

Stages of mitosis
Chromosomes line up across center of cell
Chromosomes attached to spindle

A

Metaphase

39
Q

Stage of mitosis
Centromeres split

A

Anaphase

40
Q

Chromosomes continue to move toward centrioles
Plasma membrane pinches off in middle of cell to form two new identical daughter cell

A

Telophase

Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 1-4 (4 decks)

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