Chapter 3

Question 1

What is a process?

Answer 1

any operation or series of operations by which a particular objective is accomplished.

Question 2

What is input/feed?

Answer 2

Material that enters the process

Question 3

What is output/product?

Answer 3

Material that leaves the process

Question 4

What is density?

Answer 4

It is mass per unit volume of the substance

Question 5

What are the units of density?

Answer 5

kg/m3 ; g/cm3 ; lbm/ft3

Question 6

What is specific volume?

Answer 6

volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance; inverse of density

Question 7

What is specific gravity?

Answer 7

the ratio of desnity of the substance to the density of a reference substance at a specific condition.
- most common reference fluid is water

Question 8

What is a flow rate?

Answer 8

the rate at which a material is transported through a process line

Question 9

What is a mass flow rate?

Answer 9

the flow rate of a process stream (mass/time)

Question 10

What is a volumetric flow rate?

Answer 10

the flow rate of a volumetric process stream (volume/time)

Question 11

What is a flowmeter?

Answer 11

A device mounted in a process line that provides a continuous reading of the flow rate in the line

Question 11

What is the molecular weight? [of a compound]

Answer 11

the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms that constitute a molecule of the compound

Question 11

What can you use to convert a volumetric flow rate to a mass flow rate? and vice versa

Answer 11

the density of a fluid

Question 11

What is atomic weight?

Answer 11

the mass of an atom in an element

Question 12

What do process streams contain?

Answer 12

Process streams typically contain a mixture of liquids and gases (definition of the mixture of substances)

Question 13

How do you determine a mass fraction?

Answer 13

mass of (A) / total mass

Question 14

How do you determine a mole fraction?

Answer 14

moles of A / total moles

Question 15

What is average molecular weight?

Answer 15

the ratio of the mass of a sample of a mixture to the number of moles of all species in the sample

Question 16

What is the formula to determine the average molecular weight?

Answer 16

Y1M1 + Y2M2+…

Question 17

What is mass concentration?

Answer 17

component of a mixture or solution is the mass of this component per unit volume of the mixture
( g/cm3; lbm/ft3; kg/in3)

Question 18

What is molar concentration? [of a component]

Answer 18

the number of moles of the component per unit volume of the mixture (kmol/m3)

Question 19

What is pressure?

Answer 19

the ratio of a force to the area on which the force acts
- units: N/m2 = 1 Pa

Question 20

What is fluid pressure?

Answer 20

the ratio of F/A where F is the minimum force that would have to be exerted on a frictionless plug in the hole to keep the fluid from emerging

Question 21

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 21

the pressure (P) of the fluid at the base of the column; the force exerted on the base divided by the base area A

Question 22

What is head pressure?

Answer 22

the height of a hypothetical column of a fluid that would exert the given pressure at its base if the pressure at the top of the column of fluid were zero.

Question 23

What is absolute pressure?

Answer 23

a pressure zero that corresponds to a perfect vacuum.

Question 24

What is a guage pressure?

Answer 24

the pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure. - a gauge pressure of zero indicates that the absolute pressure of the fluid is equal to atmospheric pressure

Question 25

What is the relationship that determines pressure?

Answer 25

Pabsolute = Pgauge + Patmospheric

Question 26

What is the differential manometer equation?

Answer 26

p1-p2 = (pf-p)gh

Question 27

What does the differential manometer equation reduce to?

Answer 27

p1-p2=pfgh

Question 28

What are the two absolute temperature scales?

Answer 28

Kelvin and Rankine scales are defined such that absolute zero has a value of 0 and the size of a degree is the same as a Celsius degree (Kelvin scale) or Fahrenheit degree (Rankine scale).