Chapter 3

Question 1

Triangular Trade

Answer 1

3 directional trade route involving the institution of slavery. Went from Europe to West Africa to the Americas back to Europe

Question 2

Middle Passage

Answer 2

The most treacherous part of the triangular trade. LEg from West Africa to the Americas. Many slaves died

Question 3

Slave Codes

Answer 3

Laws created by plantation owners in order to restrict the rights and liberties of Africans in the Americas

Question 4

Gullah

Answer 4

Dialect in the Americas was a mix of African languages and English. Created by slaves to communicate

Question 5

Scientific Revolution

Answer 5

Change in how people began to perceive the nature of the universe. Shifted from belief in a geocentric universe to a heliocentric universe

Question 6

Inoculation

Answer 6

The process of exposing people to disease in order for people to develop immunity

Question 7

Enlightenment

Answer 7

Philosophical movement that challenged traditional secular forms of government starting in the 18th century

Question 8

Deism

Answer 8

The religious branch of the Enlightenment. Believed god exists and created a rational, orderly universe governed by natural law (science)

Question 9

Jeremiads

Answer 9

Complaints by priests that peoples’ lack of participation in the church makes them unfaithful

Question 10

Great Awakening

Answer 10

Spiritual revival movement in the 1700s. Stemmed from the decline of religious enthusiasm in the Americas. New branches of Christianity introduced

Question 11

Covenant

Answer 11

A group of people with like-minded views, especially women

Question 12

Extractive Industries

Answer 12

Industries that take raw materials in the Americas to be manufactured in Europe

Question 13

Primogeniture

Answer 13

Policy where the eldest son inherits everything in order to prevent siblings from fighting over inheritance. Forced younger sons to seek a fortune in the Americas

Question 14

Solitary Neglect

Answer 14

Colonies were ignored by the English government during the English Civil War. Colonies developed self-government

Question 15

John Locke

Answer 15

Political theorist and philosopher from England. Wanted to establish an ideal form of government. If the government does not serve the people, the people have a right to revolt

Question 16

Cotton Mather

Answer 16

Theologian who studied theology and recognized the importance of science and supported inoculation

Question 17

John and Charles Wesley

Answer 17

Theologians and missionaries. Established Methodists and encouraged people to get involved in services

Question 18

John Peter Zenger

Answer 18

Publisher/writer that criticized the government. His trial challenged ideas of freedom of speech and press

Question 19

Johnathan Edwards

Answer 19

Theologian. Embraced inoculation

Question 20

George Whitefield

Answer 20

Theologian, Evangelical. Spread ideas of the great awakening

Question 21

Scots- Irish

Answer 21

Predominantly Catholic. Settled in Pennsylvania

Question 22

Huguenots

Answer 22

French Calvinists. Didn’t recognize secular forms of government. Were persecuted in France, settled in the Americas and the Netherlands

Question 23

Old Lights vs. New Lights

Answer 23

Old lights were mostly Puritans, against the new ideas about church services. New lights were Methodists/Evangelicals, supported the great awakening

Question 24

Stono Rebellion

Answer 24

One of the first major slave revolts in North America. Demonstrated the inequality and mistreatment of slaves. Revolters were promised freedom in Florida if they could make it there.

Question 25

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 25

Put mostly single women on trial for witchcraft. People were quick to accuse and quick to believe. Natural disasters were blamed on single women. Epicenter was Salem, Massachusetts