Chapter 3

Question 1

Antiphon

Answer 1

a short sentence sung or recited before or after a psalm or chant

Question 2

Antiphonal

Answer 2

Two choirs alternate

Question 3

Credo

Answer 3

A chant from Liturgy of the Word. Ordinary, sung, syllabic. Statement of faith
summarizing Church doctrine, telling story of Jesus’ incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection.

Question 4

Direct

Answer 4

When a chant is performed without alternation (everyone sings together).

Question 5

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 5

(1098-1179) Female visionary and well known composer of sacred monophony. Rare example of a woman composer during the middle ages. Claimed all her works were divinely inspired.

Question 6

Kyrie

Answer 6

From Intro. Mass Ordinary chant. 3 lines repeated. Very melismatic.

Question 7

Melismatic

Answer 7

long melodic passages on a
single syllable

Question 8

Divine Office

Answer 8

A series of 8 prayer services celebrated throughout the day in monasteries and convents since the Middle Ages. Liturgy codified by Rule of St. Benedict in 530. Covered all 150 Psalms in over one week.

Question 9

Ordinary

Answer 9

Same text every time you go to mass.

Question 10

Proper

Answer 10

Different text every time you go to mass. Finishes bible in 3 years.

Question 11

Psalm Tone

Answer 11

• Formula (simple melodic outlines) for chanting psalms, normally associated
  with the Office; preceded and followed by an antiphon
• Singers given verses of text and had to set it to music with the aid of the formula

Question 12

Psalm

Answer 12

A sacred song or hymn, particularly those from the book of Psalms in the bible.

Question 13

Refrain

Answer 13

The repeated part of a chant. “chorus”

Question 14

Responsorial

Answer 14

When a chant is performed with a soloist alternating with choir or congregation

Question 15

Strophic

Answer 15

Chant Structure: Only verses, used when telling a story. Same or similar music throughout, with different text. Ex: the wreck of the edmund fitzgerald

Question 16

Syllabic

Answer 16

Most syllables have one note

Question 17

Through-Composed

Answer 17

Chant Structure: No repeated sections or verses, ex: Bohemian Rhapsody

Question 18

Trope

Answer 18

Flourished in 10th and 11th century. An expansion on an existing chant by adding:
* new words and music before the
chant and between phrases
* new melody, by extending melismas
or adding new ones
* new text, by setting melismas to text
(also a memory aid, called prosula). Similar to sampling or interpolating.