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Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

three main parts of the neuron

A

body, axon, and dendrites

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2
Q

sends signals to other nerve cells

A

axons

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3
Q

how many neurons does your brain have

A

86 to 100 billion

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4
Q

what are the connections between neurons

A

synapses

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5
Q

the area for learning and memory

A

hippocampus

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6
Q

when the brain makes new neurons

A

neurogenesis

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7
Q

how many synapses does the brain have

A

100 to 1,000 trillion

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8
Q

when neurons are not firing and start to shrink away

A

disuse atrophy

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9
Q

what part of your brain does learning take place?

A

brain’s cerebrum

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10
Q

how much neural connections are in your brain’s cerebrum

A

75% or three-quarters

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11
Q

change in your nervous system

A

neuroplasticity

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12
Q

awareness of and knowledge about how you think and process information

A

metacognition

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13
Q

most important aspects of metacognition

A
  • recognizing your strengths and and weaknesses
  • then figuring out how to improve strengths and develop weaknesses
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14
Q

list the types of metacognition

A

metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive regulation, metacognitive strategies

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15
Q

active process of planning, monitoring, and reflecting on every learning process

A

self-regulated learning

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16
Q

this includes strategic knowledge, knowledge about cognitive tasks, and self-knowledge

A

metacognitive knowledge

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17
Q

this refers to how you effectively use the different learning strategies

A

metacognitive regulation

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18
Q

this refers to how you design and formulate strategies

A

metacognitive strategies

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19
Q

a three-stage model of self-regulated learning includes

A

planning , monitoring , and evaluating

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20
Q

model by Kai Morita, Koji Tanaka, and Mitsura Ikeda

A

Three-stage model of self-regulates learning

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21
Q

model of Zimmerman and Nilson

A

Three-phase model of self-regulated learning

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22
Q

components of three-phase model

A

forethought, performance, self-reflection

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23
Q

phase that involves task analysis, planning, and learning activation through self-motivation

A

forethought

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24
Q

phase that involves awareness of strategies, actions, emotions, time management, and motivations to accomplish their goals.

A

performance

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25
happens after the whole learning experience has been completed. * Includes self-judgement and self-evaluation
self-reflection
26
the difference between self-regulation and metacognition
Self-regulated learning *includes monitoring and managing the way you think, feel, and behave as related to learning. * more general concept Metacognition *conscious control over you cognitive processes * major face of self-regulated learning
27
a road map, it helps you get to where you want to go
goal
28
* consists of targets for the future. * takes a year or more to achieve
long-term goal
29
* you can quickly achieve in less than a year * stepping stones to attaining your long-term goals
short-term goal
30
why is goal-setting important
* focus attention on targets * plan and organize time and resources * engaged and motivated and help guide your focus
31
albert bandura
self-efficacy
32
belief in your own abilities to accomplish a task or achieve a goal
self-efficacy
33
influence that enhance self-efficacy
* vicarious experience * social persuasion * physiological and emotional states * performance outcomes
34
this happens by observing others achieve their goals or task successfully
vicarious experience
35
personal experience significantly affects your self-efficacy
performance outcomes
36
bodily and emotional states influence you judgements concerning you ability to perform a task
physiological and emotional states
37
carol dweck
fixed mindset vs. growth mindset
38
how you look at things as fixed or changeable
mindset
39
two types of mindsets
fixed and growth
40
* natural abilities only * cannot change or improve
fixed mindset
41
* natural and learned abilities * can find ways to improve
growth mindset
42
edwin locke
goal setting theory
43
adheres to the idea that clear, detailed, and stimulating goals, together with appropriate feedback contribute to superior task performance
goal-setting theory
44
five principles of goal setting theory
clarity. challenge, commitment, feedback, and task complexity
45
what is SMART goals
S - Specific M - Measurable A - Attainable R - Relevant T - Time-bounded
46
receive messages from other neurons
dendrites
47
what connection is made when you learn new things
synaptic connection
48
fired across the synapses from one being to another
electrical signals
49
brain can make new neurons in the
hippocampus
50
what exercise might actually help with neurogenesis
aerobic
51
is a physical, mental, and emotional response to a situation caused by resulting from pleasant and unpleasant stimuli that creates bodily or mental tension
stress
52
sources of stimuli for stress
stressors
53
you will decide if the situation is positive or threatening
Primary Appraisal I
54
determine if you have the available resources and decide on how you will act afterward
secondary appraisal
55
"good stress"
eustress
56
"bad stress"
distress
57
*most common and familiar type of stress * cause by unexpected situations and anxiety for the near future
acute stress
58
* people who always seem to have problems have this type of stress * they are often short-tempered, uneasy, and worries
episodic acute stress
59
perceived as never ending problem that they get used to it and eventually leads to giving up
chronic stress
60
the senses send info to the
amygdala
61
when the amygdala senses danger it sends a distress signal to
hypothalamus
62
hypothalamus enables the release of hormones called
glucocoticoids
63
activates the release of specific stress hormones, adrenaline, and cortisol
glucocorticoids
64
boosts energy
adrenaline
65
ANS
autonamic nervous system
66
physiological changes that are governed by a persons ANS called the
sympathetic branch
67
physical complications or disorders that are triggered by physiological problems
psychosomatic disorder
68
experience anxiousness, irritability, engaging in self-destructing behaviors, avoidance of responsibilities, and physical ailments and complications
exhaustion stage
69
a process that the body experiences when it encounters stress
General Adaptation Syndrome
70
GAS
General Adaptation Syndrome
71
regulates the stress response by making things seem less scary
prefrontal cortex
72
"wakes up" the pituitary
hypothalamus
73
detects things that are scary or dangerous in the environment
amygdala
74
travels through the blood and tells other body parts to react to stress
cortisol
75
we comfort ourselves by acting by identifying the cause of out problems
problem-focused coping
76
helps us deal with out current feelings, thus letting us take a step back, gather our wits, and start thinking more rationally
emotion-focused coping
77
anything we do to take care of our mental, emotional, and physical health
self-care
78
components of the importance of self-care
* greater self-esteem * enhanced productivity * self-awareness * helping other people * a stronger immune system
79
offers an opportunity to understand and acknowledge personal suffering through self-kindness. mindfulness. and recognizing that hardships are an inevitable part of life
self-compassion
80
components of self-compassion
* mindfulness vs. over-identification * self-kindness vs. self-judgement * common humanity vs. isolation
81

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