Chapter 3 Flashcards

Question

What is assimilation?

Answer 1

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

Answer 2

adapting our current schemas to incorporate new information.

Answer 3

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) at which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Answer 4

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

Answer 5

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) in which a child learns to use language but cannot yet perform the mental operations of concrete logic.

Answer 6

in Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

Answer 7

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) at which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

Answer 8

the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in shapes.

Answer 9

in Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) at which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Answer 10

in Vygotsky’s theory, a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.

Answer 11

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states — about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

Answer 12

the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

Answer 13

an emotional tie with others; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to caregivers and showing distress on separation.

Answer 14

according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.

Answer 15

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.

Answer 16

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Answer 17

our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and blending various roles.

Answer 18

the “we” aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to “Who am I?” that comes from our group memberships.

Answer 19

in Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in early adulthood.

Answer 20

a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults.

Answer 21

the end of menstruation. In everyday use, it can also mean the biological transition a woman experiences from before until after the end of menstruation.

Answer 22

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(46 cards)