Chapter 3 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical reactions in living organisms
Anabolism
(build up - synthesize) requires energy input which comes from catabolic reaction
Catabolism
(break down - decompose) breaks covalent bonds producing smaller molecules, releasing useful energy
Active Site
Permits only a single substrate to bond, catalyzes one specific reaction.
“lock and key”
Enzyme/substrate complex
Temporary molecule formed when n enzyme binds to its specific substrate at the enzyme’s active site.
Induced Fit Model
Enzyme changes shape slightly, resulting in even closer fit.
Phosphorylation
Adding inorganic PO3 to substrate
Glycolysis
process where glucose is broken down to produce energy
Electron Transport Chain
Series of electrons transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the function of enzyme?
Enzymes assist in accelerating reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
Catalyst
- Substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
Types of Enzymes
Maltase – Breaks down Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)
Sucrase – Breaks down Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose)
Lactase – Breaks down Lactose (Glucose + Galactose
Enzyme function is affected by what variables?
Temperature and pH
1st stage - glucose oxidation
Glycolysis (anaerobic) – occurs in cytosol
2nd stage - glucose oxidation
Intermediate stage - occurs in mitochondria
3rd stage - glucose oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle - Occurs in mitochondria
4th stage - glucose oxidation
Electron Transport Chain - occurs in mitochondria
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Produce ATP
What are the 3 most important electron transport carriers?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide - NADH
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide - FADH2
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate - NADPH
