Chapter 3

Question 1

A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses/chambers (House of Representatives/ Senate)

Answer 1

Bicameralism

Question 2

constitutional amendment that established direct election of senators

Answer 2

17th Amendment

Question 3

the process of reassigning/redistributing representation based on population, after every census

Answer 3

Reapportionment

Question 4

powers directly stated in the constitution

Answer 4

enumerated/ expressed powers

Question 5

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution but given to Congress through the elastic clause in the Constitution

Answer 5

implied powers

Question 6

A resolution of Congress that stated the President can only send troops into action abroad by authorization of Congress or if America is already under attack or serious threat.

Answer 6

War Powers Act

Question 7

To formally charge a public official with misconduct in office

Answer 7

Impeach

Question 8

The power of the Senate to consult and approve the president’s treaties and appointments.

Answer 8

Advice and Consent

Question 9

the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives

Answer 9

Speaker of the House

Question 10

Congress members that lead debate among their party and guide the discussion on bills in Congress, function as party leaders within Congress

Answer 10

House and Senate Floor Leaders

Question 11

a senator or representative who helps the party leader stay informed about what party members are thinking that is in charge of party discipline. Given responsibility of ensuring members of the party vote along party lines

Answer 11

Whips

Question 12

Officer of the Senate selected by the majority party to act as chair in the absence of the vice president, usually given to the most senior member of the majority party

Answer 12

President Pro Tempore

Question 13

The chief spokesperson of the majority party in the Senate, who directs the legislative program and party strategy.

Answer 13

Senate Majority Leader

Question 14

A permanent committee in Congress that are focused on a particular subject

Answer 14

Standing Committee

Question 15

Major House Committee that deals with impeachment charges

Answer 15

House Judiciary Committee

Question 16

Democratic Party committee that schedules legislation and assigns House representatives of the minority party to committees

Answer 16

Steering and Policy Committee

Question 17

Republican Party committee that schedules legislation and assigns House representatives of the minority party to committees

Answer 17

Committee on Committees

Question 18

members of both House and Senate that address a long standing issue or program

Answer 18

Joint Committee

Question 19

special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate

Answer 19

Conference Committee

Question 20

a committee appointed to consider a special issue or serve a special function that disbands once it has completed its duties

Answer 20

Special/Select Committee

Question 21

the process by which a U.S. congressional committee or state legislative session debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation

Answer 21

Markup Session

Question 22

Congress has the authority to conduct hearings, investigations, and budget reviews of the actions by the executive branch and its bureaucracies.

Answer 22

Congressional Oversight

Question 23

group of members of the United States Congress that meets to pursue common legislative objectives

Answer 23

caucus (congressional)

Question 24

House committee that handles tax bills

Answer 24

Ways and Means Committee

Question 25

A standing committee of the House of Representatives that provides special rules under which specific bills can be debated, amended, and considered by the house.

Answer 25

Rules Committee

Question 26

a motion to force a bill to the House floor that has been stuck in committee

Answer 26

discharge petition

Question 27

practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor by debating with unlimited time and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue.

Answer 27

Filibuster

Question 28

a rule used by the Senate to end or limit debate, requires a supermajority vote of 2/3

Answer 28

Cloture rule

Question 29

the legislator who proposes that a bill be considered by his or her chamber

Answer 29

Bill's Sponsor

Question 30

an amendment to a bill must be strictly relevant to the bill

Answer 30

germane amendments

Question 31

amendments which are unrelated to the subject matter of the original bill

Answer 31

non-germane amendments

Question 32

additional bills that get added onto an often unrelated bill

Answer 32

Bill Riders

Question 33

One very large bill that encompasses many separate bills.

Answer 33

Omnibus Bill

Question 34

Congress person ensures that a proposed bill will benefit his/her constituents

Answer 34

Pork Barrel Spending

Question 35

Funds that an appropriations bill designates for a particular purpose within a state or congressional district

Answer 35

Earmark

Question 36

An agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills

Answer 36

Logrolling

Question 37

Congress person voting model in which legislators should adhere to the will of their constituents

Answer 37

Delegate Model

Question 38

Congress person voting model in which legislators should consider the will of the people but act in ways that they believe are best for the long-term interest of the nation

Answer 38

Trustee Model

Question 39

Congress person voting model in which legislators should follow their own judgment until the public becomes vocal about a particular matter, at which point they should follow the dictates of constituents

Answer 39

Politico Model

Question 40

the inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of the government

Answer 40

Gridlock

Question 41

drawing of new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes

Answer 41

Redistricting

Question 42

Supreme Court case that established "one man one vote". Decision created guidelines for drawing up congressional districts and guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state

Answer 42

Baker v Carr

Question 43

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

Answer 43

Gerrymandering

Question 44

Supreme Court case that ruled that although it was a legitimate goal for state legislatures to take race into account when they draw electoral districts in order to increase the voting strength of minorities, they may not make race the sole reason for drawing district lines.

Answer 44

Shaw v Reno

Question 45

one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress

Answer 45

Divided Gvernmen

Question 46

Federal spending required by law that continues without the need for annual approvals by Congress.

Answer 46

Mandatory Spending

Question 47

Government spending category in which government planners can make choices

Answer 47

discretionary spending