Chapter 3

Question 0

What is a plasma membrane?

Answer 0

~ “Skin” of cell
~ Protects and supports cell
~ Controls everything that enters and leaves the cell

Question 1

Parts of a Cell

Answer 1

1. Plasma membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Ribosomes
4. DNA

Question 2

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Inside plasma membrane

Made up of cytosol

Question 3

What are ribosomes?

Answer 3

Organelles that make proteins.

A structure In the cytoplasm.

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

A nucleloid acid in cells that contain genetic information that cells need to make proteins

Question 5

Selectively preamble

Answer 5

The ability to allow only certain molecules to pass I’m and out of a cell

Question 6

Vacuoles

Answer 6

Organelles that store substances in cells.

Question 7

Flagella/cilia

Answer 7

Extensions in the plasma membrane that help organisms movie.

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Cellular “skeleton” that helps cell maintain it shape and holds organelles within the cytoplasm.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Largest organelle
Cells control center
Controls which proteins to make

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Organelle that provides energy to the cell.
Cells “power house” or “power plant”
Contains its own DNA

Question 11

ATP

Answer 11

Energy carrying molecule

Question 12

ER

Answer 12

Organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids

Question 13

Rough ER

Answer 13

Studded with ribosomes
Framework for ribosomes
Makes proteins

Question 14

Smooth ER

Answer 14

No ribosomes
Makes lipids and stores other substances
Vesicles help carry proteins

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

Large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use in/outside of the cell.

Question 16

Vesicles/vacuoles

Answer 16

Sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in a cell.

Question 17

Chloroplasts

Answer 17

Plastids that contain green pigment chlorophyll

Question 18

Large Cell

Answer 18

Smaller SA-V ratio.

Not enough SA to get rid of wastes and take in necessary substances

Question 19

Small cells

Answer 19

Perfect to pass substances Across surface

Larger SA-V ratio

Question 20

Plant cell vs. Animal cell

Answer 20

Plants cells:
Chloroplasts 
Only certain organelles
Makes own food
Cell wall

Animal cells:
Multi-cellular organism
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
No cell walls, cell membrane 
Cannot make own food

Question 21

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Answer 21

Prokaryotes:

• No nucleus
• single cells(live on own)
• ones strand of DNA
• cell walls
• no organelles

Eukaryotes:

• nucleus
• part of Multi-cellular organisms (not single)
• membrane bound organelles

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Movement of substances across the membrane

Question 23

Concentration

Answer 23

Number of particles of substances per unit of volume

Question 24

What are two basic ways the substances can cross the cell membrane?

Answer 24

1. Passive Transport | 2. Active Transport

Question 25

Passive transport

Answer 25

~ Does NOT require energy ~ HIGH ---> LOW concentration Three types: 1. Simple diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated diffusion

Question 26

Simple diffusion

Answer 26

~ substances move from the side of High concentration to the side of low concentration. ~ small hydropholic molecules

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

The diffusion of water across the membrane. ~ high to low concentration ~ moves until the concentration is the same of both sides Three types: 1. Hypotonic 2. Hypertonic 3. Isotonic

Question 28

Hypotonic

Answer 28

Less solute, more water

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

Less water, lots of solute

Question 30

Isotonic

Answer 30

Solute level is equal inside and outside of the cell

Question 31

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 31

Needs help from transport proteins Two types of transport proteins: 1. Channel proteins 2. Carrier proteins

Question 32

Channel proteins

Answer 32

~ form tiny holes in membrane ~ allows small water molecules to pass through the membrane ~ ion channels

Question 33

Carrier proteins

Answer 33

~ bind with specific molecules/ions ~ change shape ~ Carry ions/molecules across the membrane

Question 34

Simple Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 34

Simple Diffusion: Things just move right across the membrane; no help needed; no tunnel Facilitated diffusion: Needs help from carrier proteins Protein may have to change shape

Question 35

Active transport

Answer 35

``` ~ NEEDS energy ~ moves from LOW to HIGH Concentration ~ gets help from transport proteins: 1. Sodium potassium pump 2. Vesicles transport ```

Question 36

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 36

Sodium ions pumped OUT of cell, potassium ions pumped INto cell.

Question 37

Vesicles Transport

Answer 37

Helps large molecule cross the plasma membrane. Two types : 1. Endocytosis 2. Exocytosis

Question 38

Endocytosis

Answer 38

Moves substances into cells

Question 39

Exocytosis

Answer 39

Vesicles fuse with the membrane Moves substances Out of cell.