Chapter 3

Question 1

precocial species

Answer 1

species that are physically mobile from the moment of birth (also do imprinting)

Question 2

altricial species

Answer 2

Species that are helpless at birth.

Question 3

superprecocial species

Answer 3

Need no environmental input and have no parental support at birth, also completely mobile.

Question 4

nativism

Answer 4

skills and abilities are native and are there from birth. (nature)

Question 5

empiricism

Answer 5

The majority of development is a product of experience and learning.

Question 6

cognition

Answer 6

mental activity like: memory, thinking, attention, intelligence.

Question 7

intelligence quetient (IQ)

Answer 7

originally the Childs mental age divided by their chronological age multiplied by 100.

Question 8

standardized test

Answer 8

test is standardized on a representative sample of the population.

Question 9

the 2 broad abilities of intelligence

Answer 9

verbal subscale and the performance sub scale.

Question 10

Parts of the verbal subscale that are tested

Answer 10

similarities, comprehension, recall of digits

Question 11

Parts of the performance subscale that are tested

Answer 11

block design and copying.

Question 12

heritability

Answer 12

How much of the variance of intelligence in a population is due to genetic factors. Heritability increases with age as the environment becomes more the same.
It is a measure of variance not a biological mechanism.

Question 13

genetic determinism

Answer 13

people are the way they are due to genetic inheritance

Question 14

environmentalism

Answer 14

people are the way they are due to environmental factors.

Question 15

Jensens argument

Answer 15

He believed that differences in IQ between black and white people were due to genetics.

Question 16

familial resemblance

Answer 16

the resemblance between relatives whose genetic relationship to each other is known.

Question 17

monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins

Answer 17

monozygotic twins share all their genes, dizygotic twins share half of their genes.

Question 18

missing heritability

Answer 18

the failure to find single gene loci related to cognitive abilities or IQ

Question 19

deprived upbringing

Answer 19

has bad effects on IQ, but some of the effects can be ameliorated by placing in quality adoptive homes.

Question 20

environmental drift

Answer 20

developmental shifts in the direction of the changing environment.

Question 21

4 deprivation specific patterns for adoption after 6 months.

Answer 21

quasi-autistic symptoms
disinhibited social engagement
inattention/overactivity
cognitive impairment

Question 22

Flynn effect

Answer 22

increase in average IQ score over generations.

Question 23

Ravens progressive matrices test (RPM)

Answer 23

An intelligence test that is not dependent on culture or language.

Question 24

absolute and relative poverty

Answer 24

absolute poverty is limited access to food/clean water, relative poverty is when the household earns 60 per cent or less than the median income.

Question 25

natural selection

Answer 25

1. variation 2. struggle 3. heritability 4. adaptations 5. natural selection

Question 26

sexual selection

Answer 26

Some features are selected because they are attractive

Question 27

The influence of genes is:

Answer 27

passive evocative active