Chapter 3

Question 1

List the 4 general functions od the cell membrane

Answer 1

-structure (suppourt)
-Barrier from enviroment
-Regulartion of exchange and commmunicationg betwwen cells and emviroments)
-transfer information

Question 2

in 1972 singer and nicolson proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane. According to this model, the membrane is composed of a bilayer of _ and a cariaty of embedded_, with _ on the extracellular surface

Answer 2

phosphlipds
Proteins
Carbohidrates

Question 3

What are the 2 primary types of bioloecules found in the cell membrane

Answer 3

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 4

define and distiguish betwewn inclusions and organelles. Give an example of each

Answer 4

organelss have a specific jobs inclusions inclusions are insolubale materials that are needed for other functions

Question 5

Define cytoskeleton. List 5 functions

Answer 5

Its the protein filaments that give structure to the cell(in the cytoplasm)

Question 6

Match

Answer 6

in human cells, appears as single, long whippe like tail - flagellum

Short, jairlike structures that beaet to producce current in fluids- cillia

A bundle of microtubules that aid in motisis-

Question 7

exocrine glands produce watery secretions(such as tears or sweat) called _ secreations or stickeier solutions called _ secretions

Answer 7

Exocrine glands

Serous secrenon mucous

Question 8

Match

Answer 8

endoplasmic reticulum- network fo membranous tubules that synthesize biolmolecules

Golgi apparatus- modifies and pachagaes priteins into vesicles

Lysosomes- digestive systems of cells, degrading or recycling somponents

Mitochondrion- powerhouse of the cell where most ATP is produced

Peroxisomes- degrade long chains of fatty acids and forgein mopecules

Question 9

What process activates the enzymes inside lysosomes

Answer 9

The process that activates enzymes inside lysosomes is acidification of the lysosomal lumen. The acidic environment, maintained by the proton pump (V-ATPase) within the lysosomal membrane, is crucial for the activation of the hydrolytic enzymes (also known as acid hydrolases) stored within the lysosome.

Question 10

_ glands release hormones, which enter the blood and reguare the activiteies or organs or systems

Answer 10

endocrine

Question 11

List 4 major tissues types. Give an example

Answer 11

epithilial- (protective) skin
Connective-tendonds/ligaments
Muscle- skeletal, smooth, caridac
Nerual-brain

Question 12

The larges and heavcist organ in the body is the

Answer 12

skin

Question 13

match

Question 14

What type of glands can be found withing the skin. Name secrations

Answer 14

-sweat-sweat
-apocrine- waxy/ milky secretion
-sebatious- oil

Question 15

The trem matric can be used in refrence to an organell or to tissues. Compare the meantings of the term in these 2 contexts

Answer 15

organell- inside the cell
Tissue- outside the cell

Question 16

Lisst compare and contrast the 3 types of cell junctions and theur subtypes. Examples of where each type can be found and discribe function for that location

Answer 16

Communication- gap (uturus or muscles)
Ocludin- tight(gut)
Anchor- desmosome(skin)

Question 17

Which would have more rough endo reticulum?

Answer 17

panciatic cells that manufacture PROTEINS hormone insulin

Question 18

-define vesicle and examples

Answer 18

-

Question 19

Explain why a strafied epithilium offers more protections than a simple

Answer 19

stratified = more layers

Question 20

Map

Question 21

Sketch

Question 22

Arrange

Question 23

Exaplin how inserting cholesterol into the phospholipd bioayer of the cell mambrane decresses membrane permeanility

Answer 23

cholesterol takes up space in the lapids part of the layer

Question 24

compare and contrast the structure locations and functions of bone and cartilare

Answer 24

cartlage is not vascularized

Question 25

Differentiate betwen the term in each set below

Answer 25

lumen and wall- lumen is the hollow inside the walls Sytoplasm and cytosol- cytosol is only the fluid while cytosplasm is everything insde the cells Myosin and keratin- myosin is motor protein and keratin is structure protain

Question 26

Difference bwtween apatosis and necrosis

Answer 26

apatosis is programed cell death and does not affect other cells, necrosis is trauma based