Chapter 3 Flashcards
Genotype
the specific genetic constitution of an organism
Phenotype
Observable properties of an organism
Dominant
first-generation, heterozygous
Recessive
repressed in the first generation but re-expressed in some members of the second generation.
Allele
one possible alternative form of a gene
Homozygous
Identical alleles for one or more genes
Heterozygous
two different alleles for one or more genes
Independent assortment
random distribution of alleles into gametes during meiosis.
Incomplete dominance
expression of a phenotype that is intermediate to those of
the parents.
Codominance
full phenotype expression of both members of a heterozygous gene pair
Multiple alleles
Genes that have more than two alleles
Epistasis
one gene masks or prevents the expression of another gene
difference between Genotype and phenotype
Genotypes are the instructions given, like genes. Phenotype
Is how the instructions get carried out.
difference between Dominant and recessive
Dominant traits appear when dominant alleles are present.
Recessive traits appear when only dominant traits aren’t present.
difference between Homozygous and heterozygous
Homozygous has identical alleles. Heterozygous two
different alleles.
difference between Incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, and epistasis
Incomplete dominance: intermediate of the parents
Codominance: full phenotypic expression of both a heterozygous gene pair
Multiple Alleles: has more than two alleles
Epistasis: masks or prevents expression of another gene
