Chapter 3

Question 1

What is our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment?

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

What is the interdisciplinary study of the brain and activity linked with cognition?

Answer 2

cognitive

Also known as neuroscience.

Question 3

What is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus?

Answer 3

selective attention

Question 4

What is the term for failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere?

Answer 4

inattentional blindness

Question 5

What is the term for failing to notice changes in the environment?

Answer 5

change blindness

A form of inattentional blindness.

Question 6

What is the principle that information is often processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks?

Answer 6

dual processing

Question 7

What is the condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it?

Answer 7

blindsight

Question 8

What is the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously?

Answer 8

parallel processing

Generally used to process well-learned information or to solve easy problems.

Question 9

Processing one aspect of a problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.

Answer 9

sequential

Question 10

Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

Answer 10

circadian rhythm

Question 11

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

Answer 11

REM sleep

Question 12

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Answer 12

alpha waves

Question 13

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Answer 13

hallucinations

Question 14

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Answer 14

delta waves

Question 15

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm.

Answer 15

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 16

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.

Answer 16

insomnia

Question 17

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Answer 17

narcolepsy

Question 18

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep.

Answer 18

sleep apnea

Question 19

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified.

Answer 19

night terrors

Question 20

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

Answer 20

dream

Question 21

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream.

Answer 21

manifest content

Question 22

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream.

Answer 22

latent content

Question 23

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Answer 23

REM rebound

Question 24

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Answer 24

psychoactive drug

Question 25

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption.

Answer 25

substance use disorder

Question 26

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug.

Answer 26

tolerance

Question 27

The discomfort and stress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.

Answer 27

withdrawal

Question 28

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Answer 28

depressants

Question 29

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

Answer 29

alcohol use disorder

Question 30

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

Answer 30

barbiturates

Question 31

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin.

Answer 31

opiates

Question 32

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Answer 32

stimulants

Question 33

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Answer 33

nicotine

Question 34

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant.

Answer 34

cocaine

Question 35

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions.

Answer 35

amphetamines

Question 36

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system.

Answer 36

methamphetamine

Question 37

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen.

Answer 37

ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 38

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images.

Answer 38

hallucinogens

Question 39

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death.

Answer 39

near death experience

Question 40

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid.

Answer 40

LSD

Question 41

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations.

Answer 41

THC

Question 42

We devote deliberate attention to stimuli using ____________________ processing, while we register and react to stimuli outside of our awareness through ____________________ processing.

Answer 42

conscious; unconscious

Question 43

During NREM-3 sleep, the brain emits large, slow, _______________ waves.

Answer 43

delta

Question 44

In interpreting dreams, Freud was most interested in their:

Answer 44

latent content, or hidden meaning

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that have been proposed to explain why we need sleep?

Answer 45

Sleep rests the eyes

Question 46

Our body temperature tends to rise and fall in sync with a biological clock, which is referred to as:

Answer 46

circadian rhythm

Question 47

After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as:

Answer 47

tolerance

Question 48

Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,

Answer 48

and opiates.

Question 49

An important psychological contributor of drug use is:

Answer 49

the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless

Question 50

Long-term use of Ecstasy can:

Answer 50

deplete serotonin-producing neurons

Question 51

TRUE or FALSE: Use of marijuana impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory.

Answer 51

True