Chapter 3

Question 1

Stomach body secretes

Stomach body pH

Answer 1

Acid secreting

PH 1.0- 3.5

Question 2

Small intestine comprises

Answer 2

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 3

pH of duodenum to ileum

Answer 3

5-7
7-8

Question 4

Mucopolysaccharide layer lining the GI tract

Answer 4

Brush border

Question 5

Drugs must dissolve and cross biological membranes to reach systemic circulation, what significantly impacts absorption

Answer 5

GI environment , including pH changes and enzymatic activity

Question 6

Factors affecting absorption

Answer 6

Physiological factors
Biopharmaceutical factors

Question 7

The ability of a drug to dissolve in a solvent (e.g., water,

Answer 7

Solubility

Question 8

Factors affecting solubility

Answer 8

Polarity
Crystal structure
PH

Question 9

Measures the drug’s lipophilicity (affinity for lipids) vs. hydrophilicity
(affinity for water).

Answer 9

Partition coefficient

Question 10

Relation of partition coefficient to permeability

Answer 10

Hight partition coefficient = high permeability

Question 11

The pH at which 50% of the drug is ionized

Answer 11

pKa

Question 12

pKa in relation to weak acid and bases

Answer 12

Acidic = high pka = high unionized
Base = low pka = high unionized

Question 13

Size of the molecule to diffuse easily across membrare

Answer 13

Smaller

Question 14

Predicts drug-likeness based on molecular weight, Log P, hydrogen bond
donors, and acceptors

Answer 14

Rule of 5 (Lipinski’s Rule)

Question 15

Relationship of melting point snd solubility

Answer 15

Hight melting point, low solubility

Question 16

The fraction of the administered dose that reaches systemic circulation

Answer 16

Bioavailability F

Question 17

Firstpass metabolism in relation to F

Answer 17

High first pass, low F

Question 18

The ability of a drug to cross biological membrane

Answer 18

Permeability

Question 19

Resistance to degradation in the body

Answer 19

Stability

Question 20

Stability importance

Answer 20

Ensures the drug reaches its target intact

Question 21

how the body processes a drug, including absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion

Answer 21

Pharmacokinetics

Question 22

Movement of the drug from the site of administration into the
bloodstream.

Answer 22

Absorption

Question 23

Transport of the drug throughout the body

Answer 23

Distribution

Question 24

Chemical modification of the drug to make it more excretable.

Answer 24

Metabolism

Question 25

Major enzymes involved in phase 1 metabolism

Answer 25

Cytochrome P450 Enzymes

Question 26

Rate at which the drug is removed from the body.

Answer 26

Clearance

Question 27

Relation of vd

Answer 27

High vd , high permeability

Question 30

From higher concentration to lower concentration. Movement is caused by kinetic energy

Answer 30

Passive diffusion

Question 31

High conse to low conse with the help of nutrients: glucose, amino acid Can go against concentration gradient

Answer 31

Carrier mediated active transport

Question 32

Do no need energy to be facilitated with transport protein

Answer 32

Fasilitated

Question 33

Absorption of small molecules through water pores of biological membrane

Answer 33

Convective absorption

Question 34

Movement of Ions which can NOT pass through pores and DO NOT have Carriers EXOGENOUS ion + ENDOGENOUS ion = Neutral complex (Lipophilic)

Answer 34

Ion pair transport