Chapter 3 Flashcards
(292 cards)
1
Q
What has nursing historically responded to?
A
Advances in medical sciences, modern technology, changing health care delivery system, technological and social forces
2
Q
What challenges have modified the functions of public health nurses?
A
Changing health care landscape
3
Q
What roles do public health nurses occupy?
A
Health advocate, program manager, leader in planning, implementing and evaluating health programs
4
Q
Where can public health nurses be found?
A
Various health settings, offices of government agencies
5
Q
What are the various positions public health nurses can hold?
A
- Public Health Nurse I
- Nurse Program Supervisors
- Chief Nurse
6
Q
What determines the emphasis on specific roles and functions of public health nurses?
A
Position description in the hierarchy of the health care system
7
Q
What tools does a public health nurse use in practice?
A
Nursing process, documentation and reporting tools
8
Q
What is a key competency required for public health nurses?
A
Technical competence in various nursing procedures
9
Q
What document outlines the qualifications and functions of a Public Health Nurse in the Philippines?
A
Standards of Public Health Nursing developed by the National League of Philippine Government Nurses in 2005
10
Q
What is a requirement for public health nurses aside from professional competence?
A
Being professionally qualified and licensed to practice in public health nursing
11
Q
What personal qualities must a Public Health Nurse possess?
A
Physical, mental and emotional strength, leadership, resourcefulness, creativity, honesty, integrity
These qualities are essential for making a difference in the lives of people.
12
Q
What framework does the Public Health Nurse operate within?
A
Ethico-legal framework of the nursing profession
This includes adherence to the dominant values of public health nursing.
13
Q
What are the main functions of the Public Health Nurse?
A
Management, supervision, provision of nursing care, collaboration and coordination, health promotion, education training, research
These functions align with the Nursing Law 2002 and Department of Health policies.
14
Q
What are the five management functions that a Public Health Nurse must execute?
A
Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling
These functions are essential for achieving objectives in nursing services.
15
Q
How does a Public Health Nurse manage nursing services in a small municipality?
A
By preparing and implementing the nursing service plan as part of the overall municipal health plan
This is done even when she is the only nurse in the rural health unit.
16
Q
What is an emerging management function of the Public Health Nurse?
A
Program management
This involves overseeing the delivery of services for specific health programs, such as the National Tuberculosis Program.
17
Q
In what capacity does the Public Health Nurse typically serve in relation to midwives and auxiliary health workers?
A
As a supervisor
This role is in accordance with agency policies to improve performance and promote job satisfaction.
18
Q
True or False: The Public Health Nurse’s interest and willingness to work with people do not affect her performance.
A
False
These factors are crucial for making a significant impact on clients’ lives.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: The Public Health Nurse’s management function is inherent in her practice and includes the execution of planning, organizing, staffing, ________, and controlling.
A
directing
These are the five core management functions.
20
Q
What is the role of the public health nurse (PHN) in supervisory visits?
A
The PHN formulates a supervisory plan and conducts visits using a supervisory checklist.
21
Q
What program has developed a Supervisory Package for public health nurses?
A
The Sentrong Sigla Program.
22
Q
What is the purpose of the supervisory checklist during visits?
A
To identify issues or problems encountered by the supervisee and address them accordingly.
23
Q
What action is taken if a technical matter is identified during a supervisory visit?
A
Coaching is immediately instituted.
24
Q
What should be arranged if a supervisee requires further capacity enhancement or training?
A
The nurse arranges for the conduct of this training.
25
What is an inherent function of the nurse?
Nursing care provision.
26
What does public health nursing focus on?
Caring for individuals, families, and communities toward health promotion and disease prevention.
27
What processes does the PHN use in the provision of care?
Assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
28
What is essential for establishing rapport with clients?
Ensuring good quality data and enhancing partnership in addressing health needs.
29
Why are home visits important for public health nurses?
They are a visible manifestation of the caring function, especially for chronically ill patients at home.
30
What should the nurse do when health problems are outside the scope of nursing practice?
Refer the client to other health care providers.
31
Fill in the blank: A client who is depressed following childbirth might be referred to a _______.
mental health service provider.
32
What is the purpose of the collaborating and coordinating function of the PHN?
To bring activities systematically into proper relation or harmony.
33
What role do public health nurses play in communities?
They are the care coordinators for communities and empower individuals and families.
34
True or False: Public health nurses are not involved politically to promote health in communities.
False.
35
What is the primary role of the Public Health Nurse in establishing linkages?
To create collaborative relationships with health professionals, government agencies, private sector, NGOs, and people's organizations to address health problems.
## Footnote
This includes identifying available resources within and outside the community.
36
What is the significance of established linkages for the Public Health Nurse?
It enables appropriate referrals to other health personnel, health facilities, or government agencies.
## Footnote
This is essential for comprehensive health care delivery.
37
What factors determine health according to the Public Health Nurse?
Physical environment, political environment, socio-economic status, personal coping skills, and other circumstances.
## Footnote
Health cannot be solely attributed to individual control.
38
How does the Public Health Nurse advocate for a supportive environment?
By influencing policies and reengineering the physical environment, such as banning smoking in public places or creating biking/walking lanes.
## Footnote
These actions aim to reduce exposure to unhealthy practices.
39
Why is health education important for the Public Health Nurse?
It is a basic health service and a major component of public health programs aimed at improving health outcomes.
## Footnote
Correct knowledge, attitude, and skills must be taught and practiced.
40
What is expected of Public Health Nurses in terms of teaching?
They are expected to teach on a daily basis as part of their practice.
## Footnote
This requires a solid knowledge base in teaching/learning processes.
41
What cues indicate a need for learning from clients?
Certain cues recognized by nurses that suggest the client needs to learn.
## Footnote
Responding to these cues is part of the teaching process.
42
What are the characteristics of client teaching?
It can be simple or complex, take a short time or many days, and requires involvement from both the nurse and the client.
## Footnote
The teaching relationship is enhanced by the nurse's knowledge of teaching principles.
43
Fill in the blank: Health education activities are a major component of any _______.
[public health program].
44
True or False: The Public Health Nurse believes that a person's health is solely determined by personal choices.
False.
## Footnote
Health is influenced by multiple factors beyond personal control.
45
What is the primary role of the public health nurse in training?
To initiate the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and other auxiliary workers.
## Footnote
This includes conducting training needs assessments and evaluations of training outcomes.
46
Who does the public health nurse collaborate with for training programs?
Other resource persons and the faculty of colleges of nursing and midwifery.
## Footnote
This collaboration is essential for the training of nursing and midwifery affiliates.
47
What is one of the key activities performed by the public health nurse to promote health?
Mobilizing communities for health actions.
## Footnote
This involves community organizing to empower people to address their own health problems.
48
What is the purpose of disease surveillance in public health nursing?
To measure the magnitude of the problem and the effect of the control program.
## Footnote
This involves continuous collection and analysis of data on cases and deaths.
49
What are some examples of disease reduction initiatives monitored through disease surveillance?
* Poliomyelitis Eradication
* Neonatal Tetanus Elimination
* Measles Control
* NCD risk factors
## Footnote
These initiatives are critical for improving public health outcomes.
50
In a health center, what is the role of the Public Health Nurse II?
She is the frontline health worker and prime mover for all health programs and activities.
## Footnote
This includes being the first contact for patients and managing cases according to established protocols.
51
What does the public health nurse do when a case is beyond her responsibilities?
She refers the case to physicians.
## Footnote
This ensures that patients receive appropriate care and management.
52
How does the public health nurse contribute to health education?
By giving pre and post clinic lectures, conducting mother's classes, and organizing community assemblies for health promotion.
## Footnote
This outreach is vital for enhancing community health awareness.
53
Fill in the blank: The public health nurse conducts _______ to assess training needs.
training needs assessment
## Footnote
This is a critical step in designing effective training programs.
54
True or False: The public health nurse does not participate in research activities.
False
## Footnote
Public health nurses actively participate in research and utilize findings in their practice.
55
What is the primary role of the Public Health Nurse (PHN)?
Disease prevention and control
## Footnote
The PHN performs home visits, follows up on cases requiring nursing care, and teaches family members to care for the sick.
56
How often does the PHN prepare and submit necessary reports?
Weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annually
## Footnote
These reports are a fundamental part of the PHN's responsibilities.
57
What differentiates PHN III from PHN II?
PHN III acts as the nurse-in-charge and supervises other nurses
## Footnote
PHN III also guides, coordinates, and evaluates the work of her nurses.
58
What is the role of the Nurse V or Supervising Public Health Nurse?
Takes charge of a health center with a lying-in clinic and supervises staff members
## Footnote
Nurse V also participates in program planning and provides training to in-service trainees.
59
What are some responsibilities of the Nurse V?
* Supervises and coordinates work of nurses and midwives
* Guides health-related activities
* Attends meetings and seminars for career growth
* Evaluates staff performance
* Analyzes records and reports
60
What is the role of Nurse VI or Nurse Program Supervisor?
Manages and oversees performance of nurses in multiple health centers
## Footnote
Nurse VI also conducts consultations and evaluations of nursing programs.
61
What are the functions of Nurse VI?
* Consolidates and evaluates reports
* Studies performance ratings of nurses
* Initiates meetings and discussions
* Conducts program orientation for trainees
* Acts as a nursing consultant
62
What specific competencies should a public health nurse possess?
* Community health nursing process
* Nursing procedures during clinic and home visits
* Community organizing
* Health promotion and education
* Surveillance
* Records and reports
63
What is the primary purpose of the community health nursing process?
To realize community health purposes and goals through a series of steps that lead to desired results.
64
What is the nursing process described as?
A systematic, scientific, dynamic, ongoing interpersonal process.
65
Who are viewed as a system within the nursing process?
Nurses and clients.
66
What does the nursing process involve?
A series of actions that lead toward a particular result.
67
What is the result of the decision-making process in nursing?
Optimal health care for clients.
68
What is the first step in the assessment phase of community health nursing?
Initiate contact.
69
What is important to develop in the assessment phase?
Mutual trust & confidence.
70
What should be collected during the assessment phase?
Data from all possible sources.
71
What is assessed in the assessment phase?
Coping ability.
72
What should be analyzed and interpreted during the assessment phase?
Data collected.
73
What is one of the outcomes of the nursing audit?
Care outcomes.
74
What should be prioritized in the nursing process?
Needs.
75
What should be established based on needs and capabilities?
Goals of care.
76
What is the purpose of constructing an action and operation plan?
To put the nursing plan into action.
77
What is an essential part of coordinating care/services?
Utilizing community resources.
78
What role does the nurse play in supervising health services provided?
To monitor and ensure quality of care.
79
What is a key component of health education and training?
Providing information to clients.
80
What must be done to document responses to nursing actions?
Record client responses.
81
Fill in the blank: The nursing process is central to all nursing _______.
[actions]
82
True or False: The nursing process is applicable only in hospital settings.
False
83
What should be done to revise plans as necessary?
Assess problems and identify needed alterations.
84
What should be developed to measure the effectiveness of nursing actions?
Evaluation parameters.
85
What is the purpose of assessment in public health nursing?
To estimate the degree to which a family, group, or community is achieving optimal health, identify deficiencies or guidance needed, and estimate the effects of nursing interventions.
86
What are the steps involved in the assessment process?
The steps involve active participation of clients in decision-making and the collection of relevant data.
87
What types of data are collected during the assessment?
Demographic data, vital health statistics, community dynamics, disease surveillance, economic, cultural, environmental characteristics, and health service utilization.
88
List methods employed to collect data in public health nursing.
* Community surveys
* Interviews of individuals, families, groups, and significant others
* Observation of health-related behaviors
* Review of statistics and epidemiological studies
* Individual and family health records
* Laboratory and screening tests
* Physical examinations
89
What is done with the collected data in public health nursing?
Data are collected systematically and continuously, recorded in appropriate forms, and kept confidentially for easy retrieval.
90
What are the categories of health problems identified in public health nursing?
* Health deficits
* Health threats
* Foreseeable crisis or stress points
91
What is a health deficit?
A gap between actual and achievable health status.
92
Give an example of a health deficit.
No regular health check-up or history of repeated infections.
93
What defines a health threat?
Conditions that promote disease or injury, preventing people from realizing their health potential.
94
Provide an example of a health threat.
Inadequate immunization against preventable diseases.
95
What does foreseeable crisis refer to?
Stressful occurrences such as death or illness of a family member.
96
What is a health need?
A health problem that can be alleviated with medical or social technology.
97
What constitutes a health problem?
A situation in which there is a demonstrated health need.
98
What is the process of assessment in community health nursing?
Intensive fact finding, application of professional judgment, availability of nursing resources, degree of change expected from nursing intervention.
## Footnote
This process involves evaluating the meaning and importance of facts to the family and community.
99
What are the steps in planning nursing actions or care?
Goal setting, constructing a plan of action, developing an operational plan.
## Footnote
These steps are based on identified and prioritized actual and potential problems.
100
Define 'goal' in the context of nursing.
A declaration of purpose or intent that gives essential direction to action.
## Footnote
Goals guide the specific objectives of care tailored to individual families.
101
What characteristics should objectives of care possess?
Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time bounded.
## Footnote
These characteristics help ensure that the objectives are clear and achievable.
102
What is involved in constructing a plan of action?
Choosing among possible courses of action, selecting appropriate nursing interventions, identifying resources for care, developing an operational plan.
## Footnote
This phase weighs the positive and negative effects of the actions considered.
103
What should be considered when selecting the most appropriate nursing action?
Client capabilities, actions that clients cannot perform, actions that remove barriers to care, actions that improve client capacity.
## Footnote
The nurse must focus on enhancing the client's ability to manage their health.
104
List some appropriate resources identified in the planning phase.
* Family
* Neighborhood
* Schools
* Industrial population
* Medical system (hospitals, clinics)
* Public and private practitioners
* Health units of welfare departments
* Voluntary health agencies
* Non-health facilities (social, educational, counseling agencies)
## Footnote
These resources are crucial for effective nursing care and intervention.
105
What is the purpose of developing an operational plan in public health nursing?
To establish priorities for nursing actions.
## Footnote
This ensures that nursing interventions are organized and effective in addressing community health needs.
106
What is the primary role of public health nurses in planning care?
To phase and coordinate activities, prioritize plans of care based on urgency, and ensure synchronization with the community's total health program.
## Footnote
Plans of care are broken down to manageable units and periodically evaluated and modified.
107
What is involved in the implementation of planned care in community health nursing?
Various nursing interventions consistent with previously set goals and objectives, promoting a safe and therapeutic environment.
## Footnote
Public health nurses carry out nursing procedures in accordance with the nursing care plan.
108
How do public health nurses engage patients and their families?
By involving them in care to motivate responsibility and teaching to maintain a desired level of function.
## Footnote
This includes explaining and answering questions to build confidence in self-care.
109
What shift occurs in the role of community health nurses?
From direct caregiver to teacher.
## Footnote
Community health nurses educate clients and their families about care.
110
What is necessary for a client to maintain an optimum level of functioning?
Support from their own knowledge and that of those around them.
## Footnote
A support system is crucial for harmonious and orderly care.
111
What resources can public health nurses tap into for client support?
Friends, neighbors, church members, community agencies, and organizations both government and private.
## Footnote
These resources help clients access services for help.
112
What is one of the monitoring responsibilities of public health nurses?
To monitor health services provided and make proper referrals as necessary.
## Footnote
They also supervise midwives and barangay health workers.
113
How are the skills of midwives and barangay health workers updated?
Through planned education programs.
## Footnote
Continuous education is essential for maintaining their knowledge and skills.
114
What is the significance of documentation in public health nursing?
It provides data for planning care, serves as a communication tool, furnishes evidence of care quality, and protects legal interests.
## Footnote
Documentation is crucial for continuity of care and research.
115
True or False: Public health nurses do not need to evaluate and modify the care plan.
False.
## Footnote
Periodic evaluation and modification of the plan is necessary.
116
Fill in the blank: The plans of care are prioritized in order of _______.
[urgency].
## Footnote
This prioritization helps determine which cases need immediate attention.
117
What are the three classic frameworks from which nursing care is delivered?
Structural elements, Process elements, Outcome elements.
118
What do structural elements in nursing care include?
Physical settings, instrumentalities, conditions, philosophy, objectives, building, organizational structure, financial resources.
119
What are the steps involved in the process elements of nursing?
Assessing, planning, implementing, evaluating.
120
What do outcome elements refer to in nursing care?
Changes in the client's health status resulting from nursing intervention.
121
Fill in the blank: Evaluation based on professional practice includes conformity with accepted _______.
[community and public health standards of practice]
122
What is the purpose of evaluating structure, process, and outcome criteria in nursing?
To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care or changes in behavior, condition, or compliance.
123
What factors are included in the evaluation of structure?
Cost-benefit ratio, qualifications and number of health team members, material resources.
124
True or False: Evaluation of nursing care is only concerned with outcome elements.
False.
125
What is included in process evaluation of nursing care?
Actions and decisions of the public health nurse in providing care.
126
What changes can outcome elements include?
Modification of symptoms, signs, knowledge, attitudes, satisfaction, skill level, compliance with treatment regimen.
127
Fill in the blank: Quality assurance efforts recommend that evaluation of _______ be made.
[structure, process and outcomes criteria]
128
What is the goal of utilizing information gathered in nursing evaluations?
To improve community health nursing services.
129
What is the significance of continued field experience in nursing evaluation?
It contributes to the continued refinement and enhancement of nursing skills.
130
How can the structure of nursing care be examined?
From the standpoint of the total community and the public health agencies.
131
What does the evaluation of the health team include?
Proportion of nurses to populations served.
132
What is the primary reason patients visit the Health Center/clinic?
For consultation on matters that ailed them physically.
133
What additional services are patients becoming aware of at the Health Center?
* Pre-natal and post partum care
* Well baby check up
* Immunization
* Free medicines under DOTS
* Other health care services
134
How has the interaction between health care providers and patients evolved?
It has intensified with enhanced health education and promotion on health care of the family.
135
What role does the nurse play in patient interactions?
Building closer ties with the patient to gain their trust and confidence.
136
What is conducted prior to the admission of patients in a clinic?
A pre-clinic lecture.
137
List the standard procedures performed during clinic visits.
* Registration/Admission
* Waiting time
* Triaging
138
What is the first step in the registration/admission process?
Greet the client upon entry and establish rapport.
139
What should be prepared for new patients during registration?
Prepare the family record.
140
What is the policy implemented regarding waiting time for clients?
'First come, first served' policy except for emergency/urgent cases.
141
What is the purpose of triaging in the clinic?
To manage program-based cases and refer non-program based cases to the physician.
142
Fill in the blank: For control of a diarrheal disease, the nurse should assess if the child has _______.
diarrhea.
143
What should the nurse assess regarding the child's general condition during triaging?
* Sleepy
* Difficult to awaken
* Restless
* Irritable
144
What signs should a nurse observe for in a child with diarrhea?
* Sunken eyes
* Ability to drink fluids
* Skin turgor
145
True or False: The nurse can initiate treatment for all cases without referral.
False.
146
What does the nurse do for all other cases that have no potential danger?
Initiates treatment/management and decides on her own nursing diagnosis.
147
What is the role of the physician in medical management?
The physician provides medical management
148
What should be done for emergency cases?
Provide first-aid treatment and refer to the next level of care when necessary
149
What are the steps in clinical evaluation?
1. Validate clinical history and physical examination
2. Arrive at evidence-based diagnosis and provide rational treatment based on DOH programs
150
What is the first step in the clinical evaluation process?
Identify the patient's problem
151
What should a nurse do after formulating the nursing diagnosis?
Validate the nursing diagnosis
152
What is the purpose of evaluating nursing interventions?
To determine if the intervention has enabled the patient to achieve the desired outcome
153
What information should be provided to the client regarding their illness?
Nature of the illness, appropriate treatment, and prevention and control measures
154
What should be identified when laboratory examinations are needed?
A designated referral laboratory
155
What is the two-way referral system?
BHS to RHU, RHU to RHU, RHU to Hospital
156
What should be done when an emergency referral is needed?
Accompany the patient
157
What is essential when giving prescriptions?
Provide proper instructions on drug intake
158
What is the purpose of health education in public health nursing?
To conduct one-on-one counseling and reinforce health education messages
159
What should be given to the patient for follow-up?
Appointments for the next visit
160
Why is accurate blood pressure measurement important?
Errors may lead to wrong decisions in blood pressure management
161
What efforts have been made to standardize blood pressure measurement?
Guidelines provided by the Philippine Society of Hypertension
162
What is the first step in the blood pressure measurement procedure?
Introduce self to the client
163
What should the client do before blood pressure measurement?
Relax and rest for at least 5 minutes, and avoid smoking or caffeine for 30 minutes
164
What should be explained to the client before the procedure?
The procedure at their level of understanding
165
What position should the client be in for blood pressure measurement?
Seated or supine position
166
What should be done first when preparing for a blood pressure measurement?
Bare client's arm.
167
Where should the cuff be applied for blood pressure measurement?
Around the upper arm 2-3 cm above the brachial artery.
168
How should the cuff be applied?
Snugly with no creases.
169
At what level should the manometer be kept during blood pressure measurement?
At eye level.
170
How should the client's arm be positioned during blood pressure measurement?
Level with heart, on a table or chair arm, or supported by examiner's hand.
171
What is the correct location to palpate the brachial pulse?
Just below or slightly medial to the antecubital area.
172
What should be done with the earpieces of the stethoscope before auscultation?
Place earpieces in ears.
173
What part of the stethoscope should be used to auscultate the pulse?
The bell or diaphragm for obese persons.
174
How should the cuff be inflated during blood pressure measurement?
Rapidly until the column or needle reaches 30 mm Hg above the palpated SBP.
175
At what rate should the cuff be deflated?
At a rate of 2-3 mm Hg per beat.
176
What are Korotkoff sounds?
Sounds heard while deflating the cuff that indicate systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
177
What does the first clear tapping sound indicate in blood pressure measurement?
Systolic BP (Korotkoff Phase I).
178
What does the disappearance of sounds indicate in blood pressure measurement?
Diastolic BP (Korotkoff Phase V).
179
What should be documented for blood pressure readings?
Phases I, IV, and V in the format: systolic/muffling/disappearance.
180
What is the procedure for blood pressure readings at the first visit?
Take the mean of 2 readings at least 2 minutes apart.
181
If the first two blood pressure readings differ by 5 mm Hg or more, what should be done?
Obtain a third reading and include it in the average.
182
What should be done if the first visit's blood pressure readings differ significantly?
Repeat the procedure with the other arm.
183
What is the purpose of a home visit in nursing?
To assess home and family situations for necessary nursing care.
184
What is essential to prepare for a home visit?
A plan of visit to meet the client's needs.
185
Fill in the blank: A home visit allows the health worker to assess the _______.
[home and family situations].
186
What is the primary reason patients visit the Health Center/clinic?
For consultation on matters that ailed them physically.
187
What additional services are patients becoming aware of at the Health Center?
* Pre-natal and post partum care
* Well baby check up
* Immunization
* Free medicines under DOTS
* Other health care services
188
How has the interaction between health care providers and patients evolved?
It has intensified with enhanced health education and promotion on health care of the family.
189
What role does the nurse play in patient interactions?
Building closer ties with the patient to gain their trust and confidence.
190
What is conducted prior to the admission of patients in a clinic?
A pre-clinic lecture.
191
List the standard procedures performed during clinic visits.
* Registration/Admission
* Waiting time
* Triaging
192
What is the first step in the registration/admission process?
Greet the client upon entry and establish rapport.
193
What should be prepared for new patients during registration?
Prepare the family record.
194
What is the policy implemented regarding waiting time for clients?
'First come, first served' policy except for emergency/urgent cases.
195
What is the purpose of triaging in the clinic?
To manage program-based cases and refer non-program based cases to the physician.
196
Fill in the blank: For control of a diarrheal disease, the nurse should assess if the child has _______.
diarrhea.
197
What should the nurse assess regarding the child's general condition during triaging?
* Sleepy
* Difficult to awaken
* Restless
* Irritable
198
What signs should a nurse observe for in a child with diarrhea?
* Sunken eyes
* Ability to drink fluids
* Skin turgor
199
True or False: The nurse can initiate treatment for all cases without referral.
False.
200
What does the nurse do for all other cases that have no potential danger?
Initiates treatment/management and decides on her own nursing diagnosis.
201
What is the role of the physician in medical management?
The physician provides medical management
202
What should be done for emergency cases?
Provide first-aid treatment and refer to the next level of care when necessary
203
What are the steps in clinical evaluation?
1. Validate clinical history and physical examination
2. Arrive at evidence-based diagnosis and provide rational treatment based on DOH programs
204
What is the first step in the clinical evaluation process?
Identify the patient's problem
205
What should a nurse do after formulating the nursing diagnosis?
Validate the nursing diagnosis
206
What is the purpose of evaluating nursing interventions?
To determine if the intervention has enabled the patient to achieve the desired outcome
207
What information should be provided to the client regarding their illness?
Nature of the illness, appropriate treatment, and prevention and control measures
208
What should be identified when laboratory examinations are needed?
A designated referral laboratory
209
What is the two-way referral system?
BHS to RHU, RHU to RHU, RHU to Hospital
210
What should be done when an emergency referral is needed?
Accompany the patient
211
What is essential when giving prescriptions?
Provide proper instructions on drug intake
212
What is the purpose of health education in public health nursing?
To conduct one-on-one counseling and reinforce health education messages
213
What should be given to the patient for follow-up?
Appointments for the next visit
214
Why is accurate blood pressure measurement important?
Errors may lead to wrong decisions in blood pressure management
215
What efforts have been made to standardize blood pressure measurement?
Guidelines provided by the Philippine Society of Hypertension
216
What is the first step in the blood pressure measurement procedure?
Introduce self to the client
217
What should the client do before blood pressure measurement?
Relax and rest for at least 5 minutes, and avoid smoking or caffeine for 30 minutes
218
What should be explained to the client before the procedure?
The procedure at their level of understanding
219
What position should the client be in for blood pressure measurement?
Seated or supine position
220
What should be done first when preparing for a blood pressure measurement?
Bare client's arm.
221
Where should the cuff be applied for blood pressure measurement?
Around the upper arm 2-3 cm above the brachial artery.
222
How should the cuff be applied?
Snugly with no creases.
223
At what level should the manometer be kept during blood pressure measurement?
At eye level.
224
How should the client's arm be positioned during blood pressure measurement?
Level with heart, on a table or chair arm, or supported by examiner's hand.
225
What is the correct location to palpate the brachial pulse?
Just below or slightly medial to the antecubital area.
226
What should be done with the earpieces of the stethoscope before auscultation?
Place earpieces in ears.
227
What part of the stethoscope should be used to auscultate the pulse?
The bell or diaphragm for obese persons.
228
How should the cuff be inflated during blood pressure measurement?
Rapidly until the column or needle reaches 30 mm Hg above the palpated SBP.
229
At what rate should the cuff be deflated?
At a rate of 2-3 mm Hg per beat.
230
What are Korotkoff sounds?
Sounds heard while deflating the cuff that indicate systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
231
What does the first clear tapping sound indicate in blood pressure measurement?
Systolic BP (Korotkoff Phase I).
232
What does the disappearance of sounds indicate in blood pressure measurement?
Diastolic BP (Korotkoff Phase V).
233
What should be documented for blood pressure readings?
Phases I, IV, and V in the format: systolic/muffling/disappearance.
234
What is the procedure for blood pressure readings at the first visit?
Take the mean of 2 readings at least 2 minutes apart.
235
If the first two blood pressure readings differ by 5 mm Hg or more, what should be done?
Obtain a third reading and include it in the average.
236
What should be done if the first visit's blood pressure readings differ significantly?
Repeat the procedure with the other arm.
237
What is the purpose of a home visit in nursing?
To assess home and family situations for necessary nursing care.
238
What is essential to prepare for a home visit?
A plan of visit to meet the client's needs.
239
Fill in the blank: A home visit allows the health worker to assess the _______.
[home and family situations].
240
What is the primary purpose of a home visit in public health nursing?
To give nursing care to the sick, to a post partum mother and her newborn, and to teach a responsible family member to give subsequent care.
## Footnote
This includes assessing living conditions and health practices.
241
List the key purposes of home visits.
* Assess the living condition of the patient and family
* Provide appropriate health teaching
* Give health teachings on disease prevention and control
* Establish a relationship between health agencies and the public
* Promote the utilization of community services
## Footnote
These purposes aim to enhance overall health and well-being.
242
What is the first principle involved in preparing for a home visit?
A home visit must have a purpose or objective!
## Footnote
This ensures that the visit is focused and effective.
243
What should be considered when planning for a home visit?
* All available information about the patient and family
* Essential needs of the individual and family
* Involvement of the individual and family in planning
* Flexibility of the plan
## Footnote
This approach tailors the visit to the specific needs of the family.
244
True or False: There is a definite rule for the frequency of home visits.
False
## Footnote
Frequency varies based on the patient's or family's needs.
245
What factors should be considered regarding the frequency of home visits?
* Physical, psychological, and educational needs of the individual and family
* Family's acceptance and willingness to cooperate
* Agency policy on health programs
* Involvement of other health agencies
* Evaluation of past services given to the family
* Family's ability to recognize their own needs
## Footnote
These factors help determine the appropriate visit schedule.
246
What is the first step in conducting a home visit?
Greet the patient and introduce yourself.
## Footnote
This establishes rapport and sets a positive tone for the visit.
247
Fill in the blank: After greeting the patient, you should state the _______ of the visit.
purpose
## Footnote
Clear communication of the visit's purpose is essential.
248
What should be done after observing the patient during a home visit?
Determine the health needs.
## Footnote
This assessment guides the care provided.
249
What is the last step in conducting a home visit?
Make an appointment for a return visit.
## Footnote
Follow-up is crucial for ongoing care.
250
What should be recorded during a home visit?
All important data, observations, and care rendered.
## Footnote
Accurate record-keeping is vital for continuity of care.
251
What is the bag technique in public health nursing?
A tool that enables nurses to perform nursing procedures with ease and efficiency during home visits.
252
Why is the public health bag essential for a public health nurse?
It contains basic medications and articles necessary for providing care during home visits.
253
List the principles of the bag technique.
* Minimize or prevent the spread of infection
* Save time and effort in nursing procedures
* Show effectiveness of total care given
* Can be performed in various ways depending on agency policy and home situation
254
Fill in the blank: The bag technique should always observe principles of avoiding _______.
[the spread of infection]
255
What items are included in the contents of the public health bag?
* Paper lining
* Extra paper for waste bag
* Plastic/linen lining
* Apron
* Hand towel
* Soap in a soap dish
* Thermometers (oral and rectal)
* Scissors (surgical and bandage)
* Forceps (curved and straight)
* Disposable syringes with needles (g. 23 & 25)
* Sterile dressing
* Cotton balls (dry and with alcohol)
* Cord clamp
* Micropore plaster
* Tape measure
* Sterile gloves
* Baby's scale
* Alcohol lamp
* Test tubes
* Test tube holders
* Solutions (Betadine, 70% alcohol, Zephiran solution, Hydrogen peroxide, Spirit of ammonia, Ophthalmic ointment, Acetic acid, Benedict's solution)
256
True or False: The sphygmomanometer and stethoscope are included in the public health bag.
False
257
What should the bag contain?
All necessary articles, supplies, and equipment for emergency needs.
258
How often should the bag and its contents be cleaned?
Very often.
259
What should be done with the supplies in the bag?
They should be replaced and ready for use anytime.
260
How should the bag and its contents be protected?
From contact with any article in the patient's home.
261
What is the arrangement of the contents of the bag intended for?
To facilitate efficiency and avoid confusion.
262
What is the first action upon arriving at the patient's home?
Place the bag on a table lined with clean paper.
263
What should be done with the folded part of the bag?
It should touch the table.
264
What should be requested if tap water is not available?
A basin of water or a glass of drinking water.
265
What is the purpose of the towel and soap taken out of the bag?
To prepare for handwashing.
266
What must be done after washing hands?
Wipe to dry.
267
Why should the apron be put on?
To protect the nurse's uniform.
268
What should be done with the necessary articles needed for specific care?
Take them out to have them readily accessible.
269
What should be done with the bag after taking out the necessary articles?
Close the bag and put it in one corner of the working area.
270
What is the purpose of performing nursing care and treatment?
To give comfort and security and hasten recovery.
271
What should be done after giving treatment?
Clean all things that were used and perform handwashing.
272
What should be done with the items after cleaning them?
Return them to their proper places in the bag.
273
How should the apron be removed?
Fold it away from the person, with the soiled side in and the clean side out.
274
Where should the removed apron be placed?
In the bag.
275
What should the bag contain?
All necessary articles, supplies, and equipment for emergency needs.
276
How often should the bag and its contents be cleaned?
Very often.
277
What should be done with the supplies in the bag?
They should be replaced and ready for use anytime.
278
How should the bag and its contents be protected?
From contact with any article in the patient's home.
279
What is the arrangement of the contents of the bag intended for?
To facilitate efficiency and avoid confusion.
280
What is the first action upon arriving at the patient's home?
Place the bag on a table lined with clean paper.
281
What should be done with the folded part of the bag?
It should touch the table.
282
What should be requested if tap water is not available?
A basin of water or a glass of drinking water.
283
What is the purpose of the towel and soap taken out of the bag?
To prepare for handwashing.
284
What must be done after washing hands?
Wipe to dry.
285
Why should the apron be put on?
To protect the nurse's uniform.
286
What should be done with the necessary articles needed for specific care?
Take them out to have them readily accessible.
287
What should be done with the bag after taking out the necessary articles?
Close the bag and put it in one corner of the working area.
288
What is the purpose of performing nursing care and treatment?
To give comfort and security and hasten recovery.
289
What should be done after giving treatment?
Clean all things that were used and perform handwashing.
290
What should be done with the items after cleaning them?
Return them to their proper places in the bag.
291
How should the apron be removed?
Fold it away from the person, with the soiled side in and the clean side out.
292
Where should the removed apron be placed?
In the bag.
