Chapter 3

Question 1

Thoracic and lumbar, “Fight or flight”, Second stage neurons are far from the target organ

Answer 1

Sympathetic

Question 2

Cranial and sacral, “Rest and restore”, Second stage neurons are near the target organ

Answer 2

Parasympathetic

Question 2

encased in bone and
covered by three
meninges

Answer 2

CNS

Question 2

– tough outer
membrane

Answer 2

Dura mater

Question 3

adheres to
CNS surface

Answer 3

Pia mater

Question 3

Fluid serves as cushion

Answer 3

CSF

Question 3

web-like

Answer 3

Arachnoid membrane

Question 4

tightly-packed cells of blood vessel walls
prevent entry of many molecules

Answer 4

Blood-brain barrier

Question 5

An amazingly intricate
network of neurons

Answer 5

Human brain

Question 6

Cells that receive and
transmit electrochemical
signals

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

is a lipid bilayer with signal proteins and channel
proteins embedded in it

Answer 7

Cell membrane

Question 8

Specialized cells for the reception, conduction,
and transmission of electrochemical signals

Answer 8

Neurons

Question 9

• Support neurons
• Outnumber neurons
  10:1
• Recent evidence for
  glial communication
  and modulatory effects
  of glia on neuronal
  communication

Answer 9

Glial cells

Question 10

4 classes of glial cells

Answer 10

Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Astrocytes, Microglia

Question 11

extensions rich in myelin
create myelin sheaths in CNS

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

– similar to function of
oligodendrocytes but in PNS, can guide
axonal regeneration

Answer 12

Schwann cells

Question 13

– largest glia, star-shaped, many
functions

Answer 13

Astrocytes

Question 14

involved in response to
injury or disease

Answer 14

Microglia

Question 15

Myelin-providing glia of the CNS

Answer 15

Oligodendrocytes

Question 16

Myelin-providing glia of the CNS

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Question 17

Clusters of cell bodies of the CNS

Answer 17

Nuclei

Question 18

Bundles of axons of the CNS

Answer 18

Tracts

Question 18

Clusters of cell bodies of the PNS

Answer 18

Ganglia

Question 19

allows for
visualization of individual neurons

Answer 19

Golgi stain

Question 20

Bundles of axons of the PNS

Answer 20

Nerves

Question 21

selectively stains cell bodies

Answer 21

Nissl stain

Question 22

provides information about the details of neuronal structure

Answer 22

Electron microscopy

Question 23

Tracing to where axons project away from an area

Answer 23

Anterograde

Question 24

Tracing from where axons are projecting into an area

Answer 24

Retrograde

Question 25

inner component, primarily cell bodies

Answer 25

Gray matter

Question 26

outer area, mainly myelinated axons

Answer 26

White matter

Question 27

afferent, sensory

Answer 27

Dorsal

Question 28

efferent, motor

Answer 28

Ventral

Question 29

serve to increase surface area

Answer 29

Convolutions

Question 30

a groove that separates right and left hemispheres

Answer 30

Longitudinal fissure

Question 30

– largest hemisphere-connecting tract

Answer 30

Corpus callosum

Question 31

– regulation of motivated behaviors

Answer 31

Limbic system