chapter 3

Question 1

By the time young adults reach their early 20s, growth levels off and the body achieves a state of _

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

early years:
middle years:
older years:
oldest years:

Answer 2

• 20s and 30s
• 40s and 50s
• 60s, 70s, and 80s
• 80s and 90s

Question 3

_ is a gradual process that reflects the influence of genetics, lifestyle, and-environment over the course of life span

Answer 3

Aging

Question 4

Beginning around _, the purpose of cell creation changes

Answer 4

30

Question 5

At _, there are no longer supplying new cells for growth and development, cell metabolism slows down and instead creates new cells to replace old cells

Answer 5

30s

Question 6

the gastrointestinal tract functions are diminished by reduced production of gastric juices such as _, which results in decreased absorption nutrients.

Answer 6

hydrochlor

Question 7

Other organ functions that may be altered include

Answer 7

taste and smell, saliva secretions, swallowing difficulties, liver function, and intestinal function

Question 8

Decreasing the ability to taste salt and sweets is caused by

Answer 8

Decrease taste buds

Question 9

Organ involved in decreased the ability to taste salt and sweets

Answer 9

tongue and nose

Question 10

Decrease palatability of food, food intake, taste and smell is caused by

Answer 10

Decrease taste and olfactory nerve endings

Question 11

organ involved in decreased palatability of food, food intake, taste and smell

Answer 11

tongue and nose

Question 12

Reduced sense of thirst/dry mouth, difficulty chewing is caused by

Answer 12

Decreased saliva production

Question 13

organ involved in reduced sense of thirst/dry mouth, difficulty chewing

Answer 13

salivary glands

Question 14

Minor effects on swallowing (but may progress to dysphagia) is caused by

Answer 14

malfunctioning muscle contractions

Question 15

organ involved in minor effects on swallowing (but may progress to dysphagia)

Answer 15

esophagus

Question 16

Dec. Bioavailability of vitamins, minerals, proteins is caused by

Answer 16

Decrease HCL secretion and intrinsic factor

Question 17

Dec. Absorption of vitamin B12 and folate is caused by

Answer 17

Decreased Pepsin

Question 18

organ involved in dec. absorption of vitamin B12 and folate

Answer 18

stomach

Question 19

Dec. drug doses (adjustments possible to avoid overdosing) are caused by

Answer 19

Decrease production of drug metabolizing enzymes

Question 20

organ involved in dec. drug doses (adjustments possible to avoid overdosing)

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

effects of aging

Answer 21

• decreased ability to taste salt and sweets
• decreased palatability of food, food intake, taste and smell
• reduced sense of thirst/dry mouth, difficulty chewing

Question 22

Refers to an overall process of aging that is dependent on attitudes and skills developed over the course of one’s life

Answer 22

productive aging

Question 23

These attitudes and skills prepare an individual to adapt to the transitions of life and maintain a personal sense of experiencing a productive, meaningful life.

Answer 23

productive aging

Question 24

meaningful involvement in healthy aging

Answer 24

• keeping active
• volunteering
• keeping to learn

Question 25

positive mental outlook in healthy aging

Answer 25

- feeling optimistic and hopeful - being happy - being joyful

Question 26

relationships with others for healthy aging

Answer 26

- giving to others - having friends - spending time with family

Question 27

successful ways to promote successful aging

Answer 27

1. simplify your life 2. pay attention to yourself 3. continue to teach, continue to learn 4. plan some serious leisure activities 5. let yourself laugh and let yourself cry

Question 28

Many women bear children during these years.

Answer 28

20s and 30s

Question 29

energy requirement for women

Answer 29

2200 kcal

Question 30

energy requirement for men

Answer 30

2900

Question 31

RDA for Protein increases for women from

Answer 31

46 grams to 50 grams

Question 32

RDA for Protein increases for men from

Answer 32

58 grams to 63 grams daily

Question 33

Calcium and phosphorous needs for men and women decline after age _ because skeletal growth is almost complete.

Answer 33

18