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Pharmacy Tech > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Apothecary weight system

A

20 grains = 1 scruple
3 scruples = 1 dram
8 drams = 1 ounce
12 ounces = 1 pound

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1
Q

Household volume system

A 
5 ml = 1 teaspoon
3 tsp = 1 tablespoon
2 tblspn = 1 fluid ounce
8 fl oz = 1 cup
2 cup = 1 pint
2 pint = 1 quart
4 quart = 1 gallon
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2
Q

Apothecary volume system

A

60 minims = 1 fluid dram
8 fluid drams = 1 fl oz
16 fl oz = 1 pint

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3
Q

Dose to be given

A

Desired dose (dd)/dose on hand (dh) x quantity = dose to be given

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4
Q

Child’s dose

A

Body surface area (square meters) / 1.73 m squared x adult dose = approximate dose for child

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5
Q

Temperature conversion

A

9c = 5f - 150

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6
Q

Signs of product instability

A

Physical instabilities - changes in color/ formation of precipitate

Chemical - may not be noticeable; changes in ph or chemical decomposition

Therapeutic. - mixing of two drugs, result in therapeutic response

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7
Q

Freezer

A

-25 and -10

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8
Q

Cold

A

Not exceeding 8c

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9
Q

Cool

A

Between 8 and 15c

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10
Q

Controlled cool temp

A

2-8c

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11
Q

Controlled room temp

A

20-25c

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12
Q

Warm

A

30-40c

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13
Q

Excessive heat

A

Above 40c

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14
Q

Dry place

A

Less than 40% humidity

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15
Q

Advantages of solid dose forms

A 
Easy to package/transport/dispense
Can do self dosing
No smell or Taste
Very stable
Predicated dosage form
can do sustained or delayed release
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16
Q

Tablet

A

Done by compressing or molding

Can be broken in halves or quarters

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17
Q

Capsule

A

Has a gelatin shell
Can be solid or liquid
Can be spherical or ovoid
Can be made by punch method

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18
Q

Effervescent salts

A

Granules or powders

Release co2 when dissolved in water

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19
Q

Implants or pellets

A

Placed under skin thru injection

Effective for a long time

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20
Q

Plaster

A

Adhere to skin by a backing material

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21
Q

Powders

A

Can be administered internally or externally

Not stable when exposed to air

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22
Q

Aromatic waters

A

Water - containing oils

Have a smell and are volatile

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23
Q

Collodion

A

Has pyroxylin

Dissolved in alcohol or ether

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24
Elixir
Clear sweetened flavored hydro alcoholic solution | Has water and alcohol that May or may not be medicated
25
Enema
Administered rectally
26
Extract
Solution in which the active ingredients are removed from their source thru solvents
27
Douche
An irrigating or bathing solution
28
Liniments
Applied thru rubbing
29
Spirits
Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic | Has volatile aromatic ingredients
30
Syrups
Has sucrose
31
Tinctures
Alcoholic or hydro alcoholic solutions of pure chemicals or extracts
32
Lotion
Liquid that has insoluble solids or liquids
33
Gel
Two phase system | Semisolid, has extremely fine particles
34
Ointment
Semisolid / greasy thick oil | High viscosity
35
Anhydrous ointment
Absorb water Insoluble in water Not water washable
36
Oleaginous ointment
Insoluble in water Don't contain or absorb water Not water washable
37
Pastes
Contain more solid materials than ointments
38
Cream
An emulsion of oil and water in approximately equal proportions
39
Mortar and pestle
Used to mix ingredients
40
Glass
Mix liquids and semisolids
41
Wedgwood
Used for trituration of crystals, granules and powders
42
Porcelain
Used for blending of powders
43
Blending
Combining two substances
44
Comminution
Reducing a substance to fine particles
45
Levigation
Trituration of a powder drug with a solvent in which the drug is insoluble
46
Pulverization by intervention
Reducing the size of a particle in a solid using an additional material
47
Sifting
A technique to blend or combine powders
48
Spatulation
Mixing powders using a spatula Ingredients may liquefy on mixing No reduction in particle size
49
Trituration
Rubbing, grinding , or pulverizing a powder to create fine particles
50
Tumbling
Combining powders in a bag and shaking it
51
Punch method procedure for capsules
Mix using geometric dilution
52
Preparing an emulsion using the wet gum method
One part gum and two parts water to form a mucilage Add four parts oil - triturate slowly Add additional ingredients
53
Continental/ dry gum method
One part gum, two parts water, four parts oil at same time Wedgwood used to levigate gum and oil Water is added and trituration continues
54
Beaker method
Water soluble and oil solute ingredients mixed in separate containers Heat both phases Mix Final product cooled to room temp
55
Ante area
Area where everything is prepared
56
BUD
date a drug can't be used anymore
57
Buffer area
Where hoods are kept and IV preparations take place
58
Critical site
An area exposed to air or touch- like vial, needle, or ampule
59
Direct compounding area (dca)
ISO class 5 area
60
Media-fill test
Test to make sure there wasn't any contamination during the prep phase
61
Negative pressure room
Away from adjacent rooms
62
Positive pressure rooms
Out of or toward adjacent rooms
63
Type A hood
Recirculate part of the air within the hood
64
Type b1 hood
Expel most contaminated air thru a duct to outside and passes thru hepa filter
65
Type b2 hood
Remove all contaminated air to outside
66
Type b3 hood
Use recycled air within the hood
67
low risk level 1
``` use class 100 laminar flow hood no more than 3 products ```
68
medium risk level 2
no antibiotic present | multiple doses in one container
69
high risk level 3
all low or medium risk plus sterile products
70
preparing chemotherapy meds
use vertical laminar flow hood special chemotherapy clothing hands in hood shouldnt be on top of needle, vial, or iv bag
71
preparing parenteral antineoplastics
safety cabinet covered with a plastic-backed absorbent paper double gloves
72
preparing TPN - total parenteral nutrition
premixed from manufacturer, but electrolytes, vitamins, and medications may be added at pharmacy tpn = 50% dextrose, 10% aa, 20% fat
73
compounding methods for TPN
method 1: amino acids + dextrose, then fat, then additives method 2: amino acids + fat, then dextrose, then additives method 3: everything added at same time, then additives
74
preparing radiopharmaceuticals
person must wear meter qc test is performed vertical flow hood
75
solid waste
all solid, liquid and gaseous waste
76
hazardous material
any trash that could cause adverse effects on health and safety must have msds
77
infections waste
blood, blood products, bodily fluids, infectious sharps waste, lab waste
78
ignitability
has flash point less than 60c; potassium permanganate, silver nitrate, collodion
79
corrosivity
has a pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5; glacial acetic acid, NaOH
80
reactivity
liable to explode, react violently, or release toxic gases when in contact w water; nitroglycerin
81
toxicity
conc of a substance thats above the limit; zinc, selenium
82
p list waste (controlled substances)
``` warfarin greater than .3% arsenic trioxide phentermine nicotine physostigmine epinephrine nitroglycerin ```
83
examples of hazardous drugs
``` asparaginase azathioprine bicalutamide bleomycin carmustine chloramphenicol dacarbazine estradiol fluoxymesterone oxytocin progesterone raloxifene tacrolimus tretinoin zidovudine ```

Pharmacy Tech (4 decks)

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