Semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm
Cytosol
Protein synthesis occurs here
Ribosomes
Control center
Nucleus
Intracellular structures with specific functions
Organelles
Responsible for forming spindle during mitosis
Centrosome
Modifies, sorts, packages and delivers proteins and lipids
Golgi complex
Organelles that destroy bacteria and recycle worn out cell parts
Lysosomes
Non-membranous chemical substances that are produced and used by cells
Inclusions
Located inside the nucleus and helps assemble ribosomes
Nucleolus
Cellular respiration occurs here
Mitochondria
Passive transport depends in what kind of energy to move materials
Kinetic
When a solution equals equilibrium, an _________ number or molecules move in and out of cell
Equal
Mechanisms that move substances across a cell membrane requiring energy are known as
Active transport
______ Is the unfolding of a cells membrane around a liquid droplet to bring it into the cell
Pinocytosis
In passive transport, net movement of substances is ________ their concentration gradient
Down
Movement of any substances from a high concentration to a low concentration whether or not a membrane is involved is called _______
Simple diffusion
Movement of a substance from a low concentration to a high concentration is ____
Active transport
In exocytosis, these structures unite with the cell membrane and release their contents to the outside of the cell
Vesicles
Phagocytosis is the process by which ______ are taken through a cell membrane
Insoluble solids / large particles
Gradient means
Difference
Majority of the plasma membrane is composed of
Phosolipids
Cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane are called the ______
Cytoplasm
Two types of ER
Smooth ER / Rough ER
Attached to the rough ER
Ribosomes
The function of the ______ is lipid (fatty acid production) and carbohydrate (release of glucose) metabolism
Smooth ER
Largest cell structure and contains both DNA and the nucleolus
Nucleus
Inclusion examples
Melanin, glycogen, fats
Composed of 75%-90% water
Cytosol
Raises or lowers condenser
Condenser adjustment kno
Secures a slide for viewing
Slide holder
Lens, located beneath the stage opening which controls the light beam size
Condenser
Used for preliminary focusing
Coarse adjustment knob
Platform on which slides are placed
Stage
Used for fine focusing
Fine adjustment knob
Part of microscope used for carrying
Arm
Controls the intensity of the light
Iris
Term that is given to a microscopes ability to distinguish and separate fine detail
Resolving power
Objective that comes closest to a specimen and is most likely to break a slide
100x oil immersion
To find a total magnification you
Multiply the ocular (x) the objective
Under low power you see more or less of the object compared to high power
More
What property of the microscope allows you to change from one objective to another without having to make major focusing adjustments
Parfocal
Red blood cells may swell and rupture of placed in a solution
Hypotonic
Hypertonic means that a solution has more _____ as compared to another solution
More solute/less solvent
Movement of a substance from high to low concentration through the plasma membrane with the help of a channel protein is known as
Facilitated diffusion
Cellular support and movement
Cytoskeleton
Selective permeability
Plasma membrane
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Lipid synthesis, detoxification
Smooth ER
Packages and sorts proteins and lipids
Golgi complex
ATP production
Mitochondria
Digest bacteria, worn out organelles
Lysosomes
Forms mitoic spindles
Centrosomes
Short hair like structures on the surface of some cells
Cilia
Long cell production used to propel sperm cells
Flagella
Chemical substances produced by cells; not bounded by a membrane
Inclusions
Hypotonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC’s might be placed in
Anything less than 0.9%
Isotonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC’s might be placed in
0.9%
Hypertonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC’s might be placed in
Anything more than 0.9%
(Hypotonic) net movement of moving more water in
Hemolysis
(Hypertonic) net movement of water moves more out
Crenation
Two major types of molecules in plasma membrane
Phospholipids, protein
_____ makes up most of the plasma membrane’s framework
Phospholipids
Protein extend across the plasma membrane, helping move substances in and out of the cell, acting as recognition sites for hormones, or serving as enzymes to speed reactions
Integral
Proteins loosely attached to the surfaces of the cell membrane, serving as a cytoskeleton anchors or cell identity markers
Peripheral
Movement of substances across and cell membrane using cellular energy (ATP)
Active transport
Movement of substances across a cell membrane using no cellular energy
Passive transport
Net movement of any substances (such as cocoa powder in hot milk) from region of high concentration to region of lower concentration: membrane not required
Simple diffusion
Moment across semi permeable membrane (high to low) with help from a carrier, ATP not required
Facilitated diffusion
Net movement of water (high to low) across semipermeable membrane (important in maintaining normal cell size and shape)
Osmosis
Movement of molecules (high to low) pressure zone, as in response to force of blood pressure
Filtration