Chapter 3 Flashcards
(39 cards)
0
Q
Suffragette movement
A
- end of 1800’s
- women joined together to obtain suffrage (right to vote)
1
Q
Women’s rights 150 years ago
A
- excluded from universities
- couldn’t run for office
- few career opportunities
2
Q
Dr. Emily Stowe
A
- established Canada’s first suffrage union in 1876
- fought for suffrage rights
3
Q
Nellie McClung
A
- established suffrage union in 1912
- convinced Manitoba to give women the right to vote in 1916
4
Q
Women in WW1
A
- worked in factories & farms while men were overseas
- women in Canada could vote by end of War
- men reclaimed their jobs when they came home from war –> women returned to traditional roles
5
Q
Agnes MacPhail
A
- first female MP
6
Q
Person’s Case
A
- in 1927, “Famous Five” asked parl. to define the term “person” - does it include women?
- Supreme Court said no –> women couldn’t be senators
- in 1929, British Court overruled it –> women were persons & could become senators
7
Q
Carine Wilson
A
- first female senator
8
Q
Women in WW2
A
- joined the army but were paid 20% less than men and weren’t allowed to fight in combat
9
Q
Women’s rights In the 50’s and 60’s
A
- 1955: legislation favouring hiring of men was abolished
- 1960: Canadian bill of rights passed –> states that it’s illegal to discriminate someone based on their sex
10
Q
Women’s rights in the charter
A
- in 1982, women’s rights were protected under section 28 of Charter
11
Q
Women’s Issues Today
A
- although pay equity is law, inequalities persist, and women are still discriminated upon in the workplace
- although Employment Equity Act is in effect, some organizations fail to hire & promote minority groups such as women
12
Q
Collective Rights for Natives
A
- Come from occupying Canada for thousands of years as distinct nations
- focus on land and the right to self-government
13
Q
Natives in the 1600’s
A
- when Europeans arrived, military alliances and partnerships were formed
- Europeans depended on First Nations to maintain fur trade
14
Q
Royal Proclamation of 1763
A
- states that individuals couldn’t privately buy land from Natives
- framework for treaty making
- “Native Magna Carta”: recognizes Natives as nations
15
Q
Native Rights in the 1800’s
A
- seen as “barriers” by Europeans looking for cheap farmland
- gov. created treaties to remove Native People from their land and place them in reserves to assimilate them into society
16
Q
Indian Act of 1868
A
- defined who was “Indian”
- banned various traditions
17
Q
Residential Schools
A
- ran by Churches until the 1960’s
- took native children from families & punished them for speaking their language
18
Q
Native lobbyists & leaders
A
- in the 1950’s, Natives began to fight to reverse assimilation
- Native Indian Brotherhood (later known as Assembly of First Nations) lobbied gov. to settle land claims
- Trudeau’s White Paper of 1969 made Natives more determined to fight for their rights
19
Q
Nisga’a Case
A
- gov. Recognized that they had legal title to their land
- gov. Introduced process for negotiating land claims settlements
- in 1998, they signed the first-ever treaty between a Native Group and the BC government
20
Q
Wet’suwet’en & Gitxsan case
A
- court defined meaning of Native Title
- outlined what they could demand once they’d established Native Title
21
Q
Native Rights & Canada’s Consititution
A
- section 25 of charter & section 35 of constitution act addresses native rights
22
Q
Elijah Harper
A
- opposed Meech Accord of 1990 because it didn’t recognize First Nations as Equal Founding Partners
- champion of Native Rights
23
Q
Native Rights Today
A
- still face barriers to equality
- communities in state of crisis
- racism still occurs
- how to solve these problems remains up for debate
24
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923
- abolished head tax
| - made it impossible for Chinese citizens to move to Canada
25
Chinese people and the Canadian Pacific Railway
- Chinese people built railway in the 1800's
- earned half of what others earned
- weren't welcome in Canada after railroad's completion
- parl. imposed Chinese Head Tax
26
Anti-Asian sentiment
- gov. Discouraged Asian immigrants
- prevented Asians from voting or having jobs
- Laurier gov. Introduced regulation to prevent immigration from India
27
Immigration Act
- gov. Could reject immigrants from "unsuitable" races
| - dept. of immigration made a list of preferred countries --> continued legal discrimination against Asians
28
Discrimination in WW1
- Ukrainians branded as enemy aliens --> thousands imprisoned
29
Japanese discrimination in WW2
- placed in internment camps due to Pearl Harbour Attack
- worked for gov. For 25 cents a day
- gov. confiscated & sold their property
- thousands deported to Japan
30
Jewish discrimination in WW2
- refused entry of Jewish refugees --> felt like they would upset ethnic balance
- forced them back to Europe where they died in Holocaust
31
King's Immigration Policy
- created selection process to ensure that number of immigrants didn't exceed capacity
- only "desirable future citizens" admitted --> aka Europeans --> thousands came to Canada to escape results of WW2
32
New Immigration Policy of 1967
- gov. eliminated race, religion, and origin as basis for selecting immigrants
- introduced points system to select immigrants based on ability, not nationality --> African, Asian, and Latin immigrants arrived and Canada became multicultural
33
Immigration & Refugee Act of 2001
- new selection criteria to identify highly skilled immigrants as well as suspected criminals/terrorists
- more specific about visitor visas --> must leave when visa expires
34
Pierre Trudeau's role in gay rights
- decriminalized homosexuality in 1967
35
Stonewall Inn riot
- 1969
| - start of the gay rights movement in North America
36
Gay rights in Canadian Human Rights Act
- in 1996, federal gov. added "sexual orientation" to the act to prevent discrimination against homosexuals by the gov.
- however, gay people were NOT included in the charter
37
Gay rights in 1997
- federal gov. extends employee benefits to members of same-sex couples
38
Gay Rights in 1999
- due to case of M vs H, Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples have the same rights & responsibilities as heterosexual couples
