Chapter 3+4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are the routes?
- PO
- SL
- SC, SQ
- ID
- IM
- IV
- PR
- INH
- TD
- oral
- sub-lingual
- subcutaneous
- intradermal
- intramuscular
- intravenous
- anal
- aerosols
- transdermal
what is pharmacokinetics?
- study of drug movement throughout the body
- –> absorption
- –> distribution
- –> metabolism (biotransformation)
- –> excretion (elimination)
what is pharmacodynamics?
- drugs affects on the body
- –> receptor binding
- –> post-receptor effects
what is the first pass effect?
- large portion of the drug is not used
what are factors that affect drug distribution?
- circulation to tissues
- blood-brain barrier
- protein binding
what is protein binding?
- drug molecules attach to proteins creating drug-protein complex enabling the drug molecules useless
which organ biotransformation the drug?
- the liver
what is cytochrome p-450 (CYP)?
- the enzyme the liver uses to break down drugs
- some drugs are CYP inhibitors: inhibit the liver enzyme which can prevent the breakdown of drugs
- some drugs are CYP inducers: increases the production of CYP requiring higher dose of drugs
what fruit inhibits CYP?
- grapefruit
what is Ativan’s half-life?
- 12 hours
what is excretion and how are drugs excreted?
- elimination of drugs from the body —> through the kidneys
what is pharmacodynamics?
- the way the drug affects the body
—> Primary effect: desired response
—> Secondary effect: desirable (ex. viagara) or undesirable (ex. heartburn)
what is onset?
- time it takes for drug to reach effective concentration
what is peak?
- highest concentration in blood
what is duration?
- amount of time effects of the drug last for
what is the therapeutic index?
- value given that is between the concentration levels that the drug will have a therapeutic effect and toxic effect
what is therapeutic drug monitoring?
- Peak: highest
- Trough: lowest
what is the agonists receptors?
- activates the receptors —> producing desired response
what is the antagonists?
- prevents activation of the receptor —> blocks response
What are 3 factors that affect absorption?
- route of administration: (slower or faster)
- GI tract motility: high fats make poop go slower
- GI environment: lack of blood flow and pH increases as we age
Once the drug is absorbed through the villi of the small intestine, what vein carries the drug to the liver?
- hepatic portal vein
