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Chemistry > Chapter 3&4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3&4 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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0
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

Thomson

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1
Q

Who had the first atomic theory

2nd and 3rd theories incorrect

A

John Dalton

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2
Q

How were electrons discovered

A

Studying cathode rays

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3
Q

Who created the “plum pudding” model

A

Thomson

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4
Q

What was the “ plum pudding” model

A

The entire atom was positive with electrons scattered around

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5
Q

Who discovered the nucleus

A

Rutherford

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6
Q

How was the nucleus discovered

A

By using the “gold foil” method

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7
Q

What was the probability of an atom bouncing straight back using the “gold foil” method and why did they bounce back

A

1/8000

They were positive so they must have hit something else positive

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8
Q

What is the size of a nucleus compared to an atom

A

Diameter of a nucleus is 1/10,000 that of an atom

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9
Q

How many electrons does it take to weigh as much as one proton

A

1836

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10
Q

Who later discovered protons?

A

Rutherford

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11
Q

Is a neutron lighter or heavier than a proton

A

A neutron is slightly heavier than a proton

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12
Q

When was the first atomic theory made and by whom

A

John dalton in 1808

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13
Q

When was the electron discovered and by whom

A

Thomson in 1897

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14
Q

When was the nucleus discovered and by whom

A

Rutherford in 1911

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15
Q

Who discovered the neutron

A

Chadwick

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16
Q

When was the neutron discovered and by whom

A

Chadwick in 1932

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17
Q

What are the five points of the modern atomic theory

A
  1. Atoms consist of dense nucleus surrounded by electrons in an electron cloud
  2. Atoms have a diameter of about 1Å and the nucleus has a diameter of about 0.0001Å
  3. Nucleus contains all positive charge & most mass of atom
  4. Protons and electrons are equal in neutral atom
  5. (-)electrons are attracted to the (+)nucleus
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18
Q

What does the Atomic Number represent

A

The number of protons= the number of electrons

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19
Q

What does the Mass Number represent

A

Sum of the # of protons + # of neutrons

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20
Q

What is hydrogen-1

A

Protium

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21
Q

What is hydrogen-2

A

Deuterium

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22
Q

What is hydrogen-3

A

Tritium

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23
Q

How many atoms is one mole

A

1 mole=6.02x10^23

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24
What is the avg atomic mass
How much one mole of that element weighs
25
What is a particle in the nucleus containing protons and neutrons
Nucleon
26
What is a nuclide
Am atom
27
What is an action that changes the nucleus
Nuclear reaction
28
What are the four types of nuclear reactions
Radioactive decay Nuclear bombardment Fission Fusion
29
What is spontaneous emission of particles and or energy from an unstable nucleus
Radioactive decay
30
Who discovered radioactive decay and when
Becquerel in 1896
31
What are the 5 types of decay
``` Alpha decay Beta decay Gamma radiation Positron emission Electron capture ```
32
What is the emission of negatively charged beta particles
Beta decay
33
What is the emission of positively charged alpha particles
Alpha decay
34
What is the release of positively charged positrons
Positron emission
35
What is the emission of high energy gamma rays
Gamma radiation
36
What is when the nucleus pulls in electrons from lowest energy level
Electron capture
37
What is the most penetrating type of decay and what can it be stopped with
Gamma radiation with lead
38
What is the least penetrating type of decay and what can it by stopped by
Alpha decay with paper
39
What type of decay can be stopped with a thick piece of wood
Beta decay
40
Alpha decay relationship
X --> 4/2H + y | Symbol can also be weird fish thing
41
Beta decay relationship
X --> 0/-1e + y
42
Gamma radiation relationship
There is no mass and makes no change
43
Positron emission relationship
X --> 0/+1e + y
44
Electron capture relationship
X + 0/-1e --> y
45
How are transuranium elements formed
By using nuclear bombardment
46
What is the process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two medium sized nuclei
Fission
47
What is where reactant in nuclear reaction is also a product to start another reaction
Chain reaction
48
What is an uncontrolled fission chain reaction
Atomic bomb
49
What is a controlled fission chain reaction
Nuclear reactor makes energy
50
What do all nuclear reactors use
Fission
51
When and where was the first atomic bomb dropped
Hiroshima on Aug 6, 1945
52
When and where was the second atomic bomb dropped
Nagasaki on Aug 9, 1945
53
Name three nuclear accidents and when they occurred
Three Mile Island, PA in 1979 Chernobyl, Soviet Union in 1986 Fukushima, Japan in 2011
54
What was the impact for the Chernobyl nuclear accident on the US
US stopped building new nuclear power plants
55
What is the fuel used in nuclear reactors
Uranium-235 or plutonium-239
56
What is a moderator and give examples
Slows down neutrons to more easily be captured by nuclei | Graphite or water
57
What are control rods and give examples
Absorb excess neutrons | Cadmium or boron
58
What are examples of coolants in a nuclear reactor
Water or heavy water
59
Describe shielding in a nuclear reactor
Concrete with lead Water Concrete Lead
60
Advantages of fission
Lots of energy from small amount of fuel | No air pollution
61
Disadvantages of fission
Scarce fuel Nuclear waste storage and disposal Sabotage of fuel-theft
62
What is when two light nuclei combine or fuse to form a heavier nucleus
Fusion
63
Advantages of fusion
Even more energy from small amount of fuel No air pollution Plenty of fuel
64
Disadvantages of fission
Need impossibly high temp
65
Protons contain three fundamental particles called what
Quarks
66
What is 1Å equal to
1x10^-10m | 1x10^2pm
67
What is an ionized gas consisting of positive ions and free electrons in proportions resulting in overall electric charge
Plasma
68
What consists of heating and compressing a fuel target typically in the form of a pellet containing deuterium and tritium
Inertial confinement fusion
69
What consists of confining a plasma made of deuterium and tritium nuclei with magnetic fields
Magnetic confinement fusion
70
What is the ITER and where is it located
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor in southern France
71
How many countries are involved in ITER
34
72
What is the state of matter for the deuterium and tritium in the ITER
Plasma
73
What is the NIF and where is it located
National Ignition Facility in California
74
What heats the mixture of deuterium and tritium
High-energy laser beams
75
What kind of confinement fusion does the NIF use
Inertial confinement fusion

Chemistry (9 decks)

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