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Microbiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

The visuals accumulation/growth of microorganisms in or on a nutrient medium.

Also the propagation (growing) of microorganisms on various media

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2
Q

Isolation

A

The separation of microbial cells be serial dilution or mechanical dispersion on solid media to create discrete colonies

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3
Q

Colonies

A

A macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium, each arising from the multiplication of a single cell

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4
Q

Incubation

A

The period of the initial contact with an infectious agent to the appearance of the first symptoms

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5
Q

Subculture

A

To make a second generation-culture form a well established colony of organisms

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6
Q

Pure culture

A

A container growing a single species of microbe whose identity is known

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7
Q

Mixed culture

A

A container growing two or more different, known species of microbes

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8
Q

Contaminated culture

A

A culture into which unknown microbes have been introduced

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9
Q

Semisolid

A

Nutrient media with a firmness midway between that of a broth and a ordinary solid medium: motility media

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10
Q

Agar

A

A polysaccharide found in seaweed and commonly used to prepare solid culture media

Non digestible for most microbes

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11
Q

Complex medium

A

Culture medium containing at least one component that is chemically undefined

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12
Q

Enriched

A

A nutrient medium supplemented with blood, serum, or some growth factor to promote the multiplication of fastidious microorganisms

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13
Q

Selective

A

Nutrient media designed to favor the growth of certain microbes and inhibit the undesirable competitors

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14
Q

Differential

A

A single substrate that discriminates between group of microorganisms on the basis of differences in their appearance due due different chemical reactions

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15
Q

Media

A

A nutrient used to grow organisms outside of their natural habitat (singular: medium)

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16
Q

Refract

A

The bending of light as it passes form one medium to another with a different index of refraction

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17
Q

Resolving power

A

The capacity of a microscope lens system to accurately distinguish between two separate entities that lie close to each other.

Also called RESOLUTION

18
Q

Numerical aperture

A

In microscopy, a measure of the light passing from one object and into the objective to maximize optical clarity and resolution

19
Q

Negative staining

A

A staining technique that renders the background opaque or colored and leaves the object untainted so that it is outlined as a colorless area

20
Q

Simple stains

A

Type of positive staining technique that use a single dye to add color to cells so that they are easier to see.

This technique tends to color all cells the same color.

21
Q

Differential stains

A

A technique the utilizes two dyes to distinguish between different microbial groups or cell parts by color reaction

22
Q

Gram stain

A

A differential stain for bacteria useful in the identification and taxonomy.

Gram-Positive organisms appear purple

Gram-negative organisms appear red

23
Q

Acid-fast

A

A term referring to the property of mycobacterium to retain carbon fuchsin even in the presences of acid alcohol.

Staining procedure used to diagnose tuberculosis

24
Q

Liquid media

A

Broth that does not solidify

25
Q

Synthetic

A

Contains pure organic and inorganic compounds in an exact chemical formula

26
Q

General purpose media

A

Grows a broad range of microbes

Usually non synthetic

27
Q

Magnification

A

The ability to enlarge objects

28
Q

Bright field microscope

A

Most widely used

Specimens darker then surrounding field

Live and preserved stained specimens

29
Q

Dark field microscope

A

Brightly illuminated specimens surrounded by dark field

Live and UN- stained specimens

30
Q

Phase contrast microscope

A

Transforms subtle changes in light waves passing through the specimen

Best for observing intracellular structures

31
Q

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A

Transmit electrons through the specimen

Provide detailed internal structure of the cell

32
Q

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

Bombarded surface of specimen with electrons

Provide detailed three-dimensional view

33
Q

Positive staining

A

Surface of microbes are negatively charged and attract basic dyes

34
Q

Negative staining

A

Microbe repels dye

Dye stains the background

35
Q

Gram staining

A

Important diagnostic staining technique for bacteria

It permits ready differentiation of major categories based in the color reaction of cells

36
Q

Fluorescence

A

The property posed by certain minerals and dyes to emit visible light when excited by ultraviolet radiation

A fluorescent dye combined with a specific antibodies provides a sensitive test for the presences of antigen

37
Q

Axenic

A

A sterile state, such as pure culture

38
Q

Growth factors

A

An organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid that must be provided in the diet to facilitate growth

An essential nutrient

39
Q

Spread plate method

A

A small volume of liquid from a diluted specimen is pipetted onto the surface of the medium and spread around evenly with a sterile spreading tool.

Spread over separate areas so they can form individual colonies

40
Q

Real image

A

The objective forms the initial image of the specimen

The first lens in a compound microscope is the ocular lens ( the one closest to the eye)

41
Q

Virtual image

A

The real image is projected to the plane of the eye piece and the ocular lens magnifies it to produce the second image. The virtual image.

42
Q

Inoculation

A

The implantation of microorganisms into or onto culture media

Microbiology (9 decks)

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