chapter 3

Question 1

solid

Answer 1

own definite shape and volume and expands only when slightly heated

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

flows, constant volume, and takes shape of its container

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills containers entire volume and is easily compressed

Question 4

vapor

Answer 4

gas state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature

Question 5

physical property

Answer 5

a characteristic of matter that can be observed/ measured without changing the samples composition

Question 6

extensive property

Answer 6

dependent upon the amount of substance present

Question 7

intensive property

Answer 7

remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present

Question 8

chemical property

Answer 8

the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances

Question 9

physical change

Answer 9

alters the physical properties of a substance but not its compositon

Question 10

phase change

Answer 10

transition of matter from one state to another

Question 11

chemical change

Answer 11

one or more substances changing into new substances

Question 12

law of conversation of mass

Answer 12

mass is neither created nor destroyed but conserved during a chemical reaction

Question 13

mixture

Answer 13

combo of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains it individual chemical properties.

Question 14

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 14

does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct

Question 15

homogeneous mixture

Answer 15

a mixture that has constant composition throughout it always has a single phase

Question 16

solution

Answer 16

a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids or gases. most always a homogenous mixture

Question 17

filtration

Answer 17

a process in which a solid is separted from a liquid

Question 18

distillation

Answer 18

is a physical separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved.

Question 19

cyrstallization

Answer 19

a separation technique that results in a formation of a pure solid particles of a substance from a solution contain the dissolved substance

Question 20

sublimation

Answer 20

process during which a solid changes to a vapor without melting

Question 21

chromatography

Answer 21

a technique that separates the components of a mixture dissolved in either a gas or liquid based on the ability of each component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

Question 22

element

Answer 22

a pure substance that cannot be separate into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

Question 23

periodic table

Answer 23

organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows called periods and vertical columns called groups or families

Question 24

compound

Answer 24

made of of two or more different elements that are combined chemically

Question 25

law of definite proportions

Answer 25

states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass,no matter how large or small the sample

Question 26

percent by mass

Answer 26

ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage.

Question 27

law of multiple proportions

Answer 27

states that when different compounds are formed by a combo of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ration of small whole numbers.

Question 28

states of matter

Answer 28

the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on earth