Chapter 3

Question 1

a part of the autonomic nervous system that speeds up bodily processes

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

a part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down

Answer 2

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 3

a bodily system that releases hormones in the bloodstream to regulate certain organs

Answer 3

endocrine system

Question 4

this process occurs when a presynaptic or sending neuron reabsorbs unused neurotransmitters in the synapse

Answer 4

reuptake

Question 5

motor neurons travel through ___ nerves carrying info away from the central nervous system

Answer 5

efferent nerves

Question 6

a type of neurotransmitter that when reduced could lead to Alzheimers

Answer 6

Acetycholine

Question 7

a type of neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure

Answer 7

endorphins

Question 8

considered to be the master gland controlling other glands

Answer 8

pituitary gland

Question 9

branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary movements such as heart beat and respiration

Answer 9

autonomic nervous system

Question 10

nervous system that connects the body to the central nervous system

Answer 10

peripheral nervous system

Question 11

neurons that travel through the peripheral nervous system carrying info out from the central nervous system to muscles, enabling movement

Answer 11

motor neurons

Question 12

drug deigned to mimic a neurotransmitter

Answer 12

agonist

Question 13

drug designed to block or stop the action of a neurotransmitter

Answer 13

antagonist

Question 14

the brain and spinal cord make up the ____

Answer 14

central nervous system

Question 15

sensory neurons travel through ___ nerves carrying info to the central nervous system

Answer 15

afferent nerves

Question 16

neurons that sense info from the environment and travel through the peripheral nervous system carrying info to the central nervous system

Answer 16

sensory nerves

Question 17

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements

Answer 17

somatic nervous system

Question 18

refers to the -70 charge in which a neuron sits waiting to fire an action potential

Answer 18

resting potential

Question 19

part of a neuron that receives info from other neurons

Answer 19

dendrites

Question 20

part of a neuron that sends info to other neurons

Answer 20

axon

Question 21

a brief electrical charge enabling a neuron to communicate with other neurons through the release of a neurotransmitter

Answer 21

action potential

Question 22

chemical messengers that travel across a synapse

Answer 22

neurotransmitters

Question 23

gap between neurons that neurotransmitters must cross

Answer 23

synapse

Question 24

period in which a neuron cannot fire an action potential due to the charge being below -70

Answer 24

refractory period

Question 25

insulation of a neuron allowing neural speed to increase; disintegration of this could lead to multiple sclerosis

Answer 25

myelin sheath

Question 26

refers to how a neuron fires each time with the same intensity

Answer 26

all-or-none response

Question 27

a scanning technique that uses a radioactive glucose to observe the functioning of the brain

Answer 27

pet scan

Question 28

part of the hindbrain that coordinates movements and balance

Answer 28

cerebellum

Question 29

part of the brain involved in spoken language

Answer 29

brocas area

Question 30

part of the hindbrain that controls movements on the left and right side of the body and is responsible for dreams

Answer 30

pons

Question 31

part of the brain that enables language comprehension

Answer 31

wernickes area

Question 32

part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres

Answer 32

corpus callosum

Question 33

lobes that process auditory info

Answer 33

temporal lobes

Question 34

part of the limbic system linked to fear and emotions

Answer 34

amygdala

Question 35

part of hindbrain that controls heartbeat and breathing

Answer 35

medulla

Question 36

part of hindbrain that controls wakefulness and arousal

Answer 36

reticular formation

Question 37

part of brain that links the endocrine system to the brain and maintains eating, drinking, and body temp

Answer 37

hypothalamus

Question 38

part of limbic system that processes new memories

Answer 38

hippocampus

Question 39

lobes that process bodily info such as touch

Answer 39

parietal lobes

Question 40

relay center for sensory info except smell

Answer 40

thalamus

Question 41

lobes that are involved in planning, thinking, and emotional control

Answer 41

frontal lobes

Question 42

lobes that process visual info

Answer 42

occipital lobes

Question 43

refers to the inability to produce and understand speech

Answer 43

aphasia

Question 44

brain hemisphere that processes language

Answer 44

left hemisphere

Question 45

Nerves that carry information from other parts of the body to the brain are called

Answer 45

afferent nerves

Question 46

Your brain knows that you have stubbed your toe because

Answer 46

afferent nerves transfer that information to the brain

Question 47

When you are in danger, which part of the nervous system is responsible for your heart rate increasing?

Answer 47

he sympathetic nervous system

Question 48

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information is the

Answer 48

dendrites

Question 49

Multiple sclerosis is caused by lesions on

Answer 49

myelin tissue

Question 50

The purpose of myelin is to

Answer 50

insulate axons to increase the speed of electrical impulses.

Question 51

____ allow ions to enter the neural cell.

Answer 51

Myelin sheaths

Question 52

When a neuron is resting, the inside of the cell membrane is _____ and the outside of the cell membrane is _____.

Answer 52

negative; positive

Question 53

When a neuron is depolarized, the inside of the cell membrane is ____ and the outside of the cell membrane is ____.

Answer 53

positive; positive

Question 54

The structures at the end of the axon are called

Answer 54

terminal buttons

Question 55

Cocaine and amphetamines mainly affect which neurotransmitters?

Answer 55

dopamine

Question 56

The neurotransmitter most associated with love and bonding is

Answer 56

oxytocin

Question 57

What is the difference between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

Answer 57

MRI does not allow researchers to examine the brain in action, whereas fMRI does.

Question 58

The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to visual stimuli is the

Answer 58

occipital

Question 59

The lobe of the cerebral cortex that responds to auditory stimuli is the

Answer 59

temporal

Question 60

Parkinson disease is associated with damage to

Answer 60

basal ganglia

Question 61

The lobe of the cerebral cortex associated with personality is the

Answer 61

frontal

Question 62

The part of the brain that acts as a central relay station is the

Answer 62

thalamus

Question 63

The somatosensory cortex is located in which area of the brain?

Answer 63

parietal lobe

Question 64

Broca's area plays an important role in _____, whereas Wernicke's area plays an important role in _____.

Answer 64

speech production; speech comprehension

Question 65

The corpus callosum is responsible for

Answer 65

relaying information between the right and left hemispheres.

Question 66

Which of the following is known as "the master gland"?

Answer 66

pituitary gland