Chapter 3 Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Types of Cylinder Liners?
A
- Dry Liners
* Wet Liners
2
Q
What are Dry Liners?
A
Sleeves that are not exposed to the engine coolant
3
Q
What are Wet Liners?
A
Not only form the cylinder wall, but also the inside of the water jackets
4
Q
What four Jobs does the Piston do?
A
- Compresses the air/fuel mixture
- Receives the force of combustion
- Transmits the force the the crankshaft
- Carries the piston rings, which seal and wipe the cylinder
5
Q
The piston must be what?
A
- Precision made - to fit snugly in the cylinder
- Rugged in construction - to withstand the forces of combustion and the rapid stop and start at the end of each stroke
- Carefully balanced and weighed - to overcome inertia and momentum at high speeds
6
Q
Main Parts of a Piston?
A
- Head
- Skirt
- Ring Grooves
- Lands
7
Q
Types of Cylinders?
A
- Cast-in-block (Enbloc)
* Individual Castings (Liners or Sleeves)
8
Q
What do you use to remove liners?
A
Pullers, they may be conventional screw-threaded or impact pullers
9
Q
Where do you measure for Taper and Out-of-Round in Cylinders?
A
Measure the bore parallel and perpendicular to the crankshaft at the top and bottom end of the ring travel zone
10
Q
When should you replace the Liners?
A
- Crosshatch honing pattern not visible immediately below the top ring turnaround area
- Deep vertical scratches that can be detected by the fingernail
- Cracks in flange area or ring travel area (Lack of crosshatch overall)
11
Q
How can you resurface the cylinder sleeve?
A
By Reboring, Deglazing, and Honing
12
Q
Types of Cylinder heads?
A
- Concave
- Convex or Dished
- Flat
13
Q
Why is the Piston fitting to the Cylinder critical?
A
- Metals expand when heated
* Space must be provided for lubricants between the pistons and cylinder wall
14
Q
Three jobs that Piston Rings do?
A
- Form a gas-tight seal between the piston and cylinder
- Help cool the piston by transferring heat
- Control lubrication between piston and cylinder wall
15
Q
Types of Piston Rings?
A
- Compression
* Oil Control
16
Q
Types of Piston Compression Rings?
A
- Rectangular
- Taper-Faced
- Barrel-Faced
- Inside Bevel
- Keystone
- Keystone Barrel-Faced
- Keystone Tapered-Faced
17
Q
Type of Joints for Compression Rings?
A
- Step
- Angle
- Straight
18
Q
Engine Major Problems?
A
- Oil Consumption and Blow-By
- Combustion Knock (Detonation)
- Preignition (Gasoline Engines)
19
Q
The Piston and Rings are supposed to seal the Cylinder against what two things?
A
- Excess oil passing up into the combustion chamber
2. Gases or blow-by passing down to the crankcase
20
Q
Causes of Oil Consumption and Blow-By?
A
- Piston rings installed wrong
- Stuck rings or plugged oil ring
- Top ring broken or top groove worn
- Wear in Piston, Rings, and Cylinder
21
Q
Methods of cleaning Cylinders?
A
- Immersion-Solvent “D-Part”
- Hydra-Jet Rinse Gun
- How water with liquid detergent soap
22
Q
Three ways Piston Pins can be fastened, what are they?
A
- Fixed Pin
- Semi-Floating Pin
- Full-Floating
23
Q
Requirements for a precision pin fit?
A
- A perfectly round pin hole, 2. A straight pin hole, 3. A perfectly aligned pin hole between bosses, 4. A correct surface finish, 5. A good oil clearance
24
Q
Connecting Rod main parts?
A
- Cap
- Head
- Shank
- Eye
- Front Mark
- Bearing Inserts
25
How do you measure Bearing Clearance?
1. Measure the ID of connecting rod bearings, and the OD of the crankshaft connecting journal and compare both measurements
2. Use Plastigage
26
Main parts of the Crankshaft?
* Journals
* Throws
* Counterweights
27
The arrangement of the crankshaft throws affects?
1. Balance of the engine, 2. Vibration from turning of the shaft, 3. Loads on the main bearings, 4. Firing order of the engine.
28
Why are counterweights placed opposite to the rod journals?
To balance the force of the pistons and connecting rod
29
What can also help to stabilize the turning crankshaft?
The weight of the flywheel and the use of vibration dampers
30
Methods of checking the crankshaft for cracks?
1. Magnetic Particle Test
2. Fluorescent Magnetic Particle
3. Fluorescent Penetrant Test
31
Types of loads that are imposed on a crankshaft?
* Bending forces
| * Twisting, torsional forces
32
Methods of reconditioning the rod and main journals?
1. Grinding the journals by removing material from the surface
2. Rebuilding the journals by adding material to the surface
33
Methods of rebuilding journals?
1. Chromium Plating, 2. Electro-Welding, 3. Metal Spraying, 4. Gas Welding
34
Define Bushing
Small full-round sleeve, pressed in, for lighter loads or slower speeds
35
Define Bearing
Full-round or halves, for heavier loads and higher speeds
36
What qualities must each bearing lining must have?
1. Conformability, 2. Embeddability, 3. Seizure Resistance, 4. Corrosion Resistance, 5. Temperature Strenght
37
Types of bearing damage
1. Oil Starvation, 2. Corrosion
| 3. Dirt, 4. Bent connecting rods, 5. Tapered journals, 6. Overheating
38
Types of unbalancing forces on the engine
1. Centrifugal force
| 2. Internal Force
39
What can be mounted on the free end of the crankshaft to control the vibrations?
A vibration damper
40
Purpose of the oil seals in the crankshaft
1. To prevent oil leakage
| 2. To stop dirt from entering the engine
41
What does the flywheel do for the engine?
1. Stores energy for momentum between power strokes, 2. Smoothes out speed of crankshaft, 3. Transmits power to the machine
42
Valve Arrangements
F-I-L-T-H Heads
43
How do you check for Head Flatness?
Use a heavy, accurate straight edge
44
Methods of checking Head for Cracks or Leaks?
1. Water and air pressure 2. Magnetic Crack
| 3. Fluorescent chemical
45
How do you remove/install head cap screws?
By the correct torquing sequence and spec
46
Valve failures
Distortion of Valve Seat, Deposits on Valve, Too little Tappet Clearance, Preignition, Erosion, Heat Failure, Breaks, Worn Valve Guides.
47
Two Types of Breaks on Valves?
Fatigue- high heat and pressure
| Impact- too much force and valve clearance
48
Valve Dimmensions
Valve Guide ID, Length of Valve Guide, Distance of Guide from Head, Stem OD, Angle of Face, Angle of Seat, Seat Width, Head Width.
49
Why do we grind the valve seats?
To make the correct seat width and contact.
50
Types of Valve Rotators?
Positive
| Release
51
What does Cam Lobe determines?
Lift and duration of the valve
52
Know this Picture
Rocker Arm, Valve, Camshaft, Cam Follower, Push Rod.
53
What three things are important about valve springs?
Free Length
Straightness
Spring Tension
54
Types of Valves
SAE Standard
Tulip
Flat-Top
55
How is the valve cooled?
Closed- face to seat
| Open- Stem to Guide
56
What can also determine if camshaft is wear?
Valve Lift
57
What is the cylinder block?
Main support for the other basic engine parts
58
What causes cracks between water jackets and oil passages?
Overheating of the engine
59
Where is ring ridge located at?
At the top of the piston ring travel zone
60
Basic engine parts
Rocker Arms, Cylinder Head, Valve, Cylinder, Piston, Cylinder Block, Connecting Rod, Camshaft, Crankshaft.
61
What are drilled through the crankshaft journals?
Oil holes
61
First step in inspecting the crankshaft?
Clean the crankshaft
61
Before tightening the caps, what should you do?
Align the bearings
61
Crankshaft must have a certain amount of what to get proper thrust?
End play
61
Bearing locks
Lip & Slot
| Dowel hole & Pin
61
The bearing is what when tighten down?
Pressed (Bearing Crush)
61
What component is used to absorb the end trust of the crankshaft?
Thrust Washers
61
What is put into the main bearing to allow oil to pass through the rod bearings?
Oil Grooves
62
To reduce vibrations on high-speed engine two things are used
Balancer weights
| Balancer shafts
63
Do not use what type of puller to remove the vibration damper?
Jaw-type
64
What is the HUB around other parts that can be timed?
Crankshaft
65
What runs at 1/2 the engine speed?
Camshaft
66
What is the amount of "play" between two gears in mesh?
Gear Backlash
