Chapter 3, 5, and 6 Flashcards
(28 cards)
The four groups of macromolecules
proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acid
polysaccharides
long polymers made of monosaccharides linked through dehydration synthesis
lipids consist of mainly ______ and ______ atoms
carbon and hydrogen
function of lipids
energy storage molecules, phospholipids from membranes
function of proteins
structural components, enzymes, blood protein, made up of amino acids
What do membranes do
regulate what goes in and out of cells and provide surfaces for reactions, organize cells chemical activities, cell ID and recognition
selectively permeable
means that some substances cross the plasma membrane more easily than others
Diffusion
when any particles move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
Passive transport
no energy used,”diffuse down concentration gradient”
osmosis
net movement of water across a semi permeable membrane
water moves from where it is _______ concentrated to where it is ___________ concentrated
more, less
hypertonic solutions
higher solute concentration SHRINK
hypotonic solutions
lower solute concentration SWELL
isotonic solutions
same osmotic concentration WATER MOVES IN AND OUT EQUALLY
Facilitated diffusion
protein provides a portal for large molecules or polar molecules
Active transport
requires energy (ATP) to fuel “moves substances against their concentration gradient” low to high concentration
Endocytosis
used to imprort substances
Exocytosis
used to export bulky molecules
kinetic energy
energy of motion
potential energy
stored energy, in chemical bonds
Thermodynamics
study of energy transformations
first law of thermodynamics
energy in the universe is constant
second law of thermodynamics
energy conversions increase disorder of the universe
endergonic reactions
require an input of energy
store energy in products
rich in potential energy
