Chapter 3

Question 1

Clostiridium

Answer 1

spore forming rod

Question 2

Spirochetes

Answer 2

move by axial fibrils

Question 3

Spirillium

Answer 3

a genues of spiral shaped bacteria that move by flagellum

Question 4

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 4

lacks a cell wall and is termed pleomorphic

Question 5

dipococcus

Answer 5

pair of cylinder bacteria

Question 6

streptococcus

Answer 6

chain of cylinder bacteria

Question 7

sarcina

Answer 7

two tetrads back to back

Question 8

tetrad

Answer 8

two pairs of cylinder bacteria stacked on top of eachoer

Question 9

Staphylococcus

Answer 9

grape like bunch of cylinder bacteria

Question 10

Archaea organism’s possible characteristics

Answer 10

mulitcellular
can exist in hot temperatures
70s ribosomes
lack nucleus
cell wall that lacks peptidoglycan
lipids in plasma membrane have lipids that contain long-branched hydrocarbon bonds with ether linkage

Question 11

Gram staining order

Answer 11

crystal violet
iodine
alcohol
safrinine

Question 12

Crystal violet

Answer 12

both cell walls affix with dye in positive and negative

Question 13

Gram’s iodine

Answer 13

gram negative=no effect from idodine

gram positive=dye complex is trapped in wall

Question 14

Effects of Alcohol in Gram staining

Answer 14

gram positive=crystals remain in wall

gram negative=outer membrane weakens; wall looses dye

Question 15

Safrinine’s effect in gram staining

Answer 15

gram positive= red dye masked by violet

gram negative=red dye stains the colorless cell

Question 16

Gracilicutes

Answer 16

gram negative cell walls

Question 17

mendosicutes

Answer 17

primitive prokaryotes, unique cell walls and nutritional habits

Question 18

firmicutes

Answer 18

gram positive cell walls

Question 19

tenericutes

Answer 19

lack cell walls

Question 20

peptidoglycan

Answer 20

A network of polysaccharide chains cross-linked by short peptides that forms the rigid part of bacterial cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria have a smaller amount of this rigid

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

In bacteria, a rigid structure made of peptidoglycan that lies just outside the cytoplasmic membrane; eukaryotes also have a cell wall but may be composed of a variety of materials.

Question 22

lysis

Answer 22

The physical rupture or deterioration of a cell.

Question 23

gram-positive

Answer 23

A category of bacterial cells that describes bacteria with a thick cell wall and no outer membrane.

Question 24

gram-negative

Answer 24

A category of bacterial cells that describes bacteria with an outer membrane, a cytoplasmic membrane, and a thin cell wall.

Question 25

teichoic acid

Answer 25

: Anionic polymers containing glycerol that appear in the walls of gram-positive bacteria

Question 26

lipoteichoic acid

Answer 26

Anionic polymers containing glycerol that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membranes of gram-positive bacteria

Question 27

Collecting sputum with patients that might have TB

Answer 27

collect in morning, muchs pools overnight | use acid-fast staining for test results (also used for leprosy)

Question 28

outer membrane (OM)

Answer 28

An additional membrane possessed by gram-negative bacteria; a lipid bilayer containing specialized proteins and polysaccharides. It lies outside of the cell wall.

Question 29

cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 29

Lipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.

Question 30

actin

Answer 30

Protein component of long filaments of protein arranged under the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria; contributes to cell shape and division

Question 31

endospore

Answer 31

A small, dormant, resistant derivative of a bacterial cell that germinates under favorable growth conditions into a vegetative cell. The bacterial genera

Question 32

density of bacteria's ribosomes

Answer 32

70s

Question 33

density of eukyara ribosomes

Answer 33

80s

Question 34

density of Archaea ribosomes

Answer 34

70s -however structurally similar to Eukarya