Chapter 3

Question 1

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 1

Breaks a bond by adding water

Question 2

Dehydration reaction

Answer 2

take water out of a bond to form it together

Question 3

Amino Acid

Answer 3

building blocks of proteins

Question 4

Properties of Amino Acids

Answer 4

distinguished by their side chains (determine function)
20 amino acids
basic building blocks of proteins

Question 5

Proteins

Answer 5

polymers made up of different proportions and sequences of 20 amino acids

Question 6

Function of Protein

Answer 6

support 
protect 
catalysis 
transport 
defense 
regulate hormones 
movement

Question 7

Protein Monomer

Answer 7

amino acid

Question 8

Protein element

Answer 8

O, C, H, N

Question 9

Primary structure of protein

Answer 9

precise sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide chain

Question 10

examples of proteins

Answer 10

enzymes and hormones
collagen
insulin
hemoglobin

Question 11

secondary structure of protein

Answer 11

fanned or twisted

hydrogen bonding

Question 12

tertiary

Answer 12

fold forming specific shapes (bending and folding)

Question 13

quaternary

Answer 13

two or more polypeptides are assembled to form protein molecules

Question 14

denatured protein

Answer 14

protein is heated causing secondary and tertiary to break down

Question 15

chaperone protein

Answer 15

molecular caretakers for other proteins - help shape proteins- prevent inappropriate interactions

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

group of molecules that have a similar atomic composition but differ in size, chemical properties, and biological functions.

Question 17

carbohydrate monomer

Answer 17

monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, ribose

Question 18

Carbohydrate elements

Answer 18

2 hydrogen
1 oxygen
1 carbon

Question 19

examples of carbs

Answer 19

cellulose (plants)
starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)
chitin (animals and fungi)

Question 20

function of carbs

Answer 20

stores glucose for energy
serve as carbon skeleton
strengthen cell walls

Question 21

Lipids

Answer 21

Hydrocarbons that are insoluble in water because of their many non polar covalent bonds

Question 22

Lipid monomer

Answer 22

glycerol

Question 23

Lipid element

Answer 23

hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

Question 24

Lipids examples

Answer 24

steroids
phospholipids (cell membrane)
triglyceride (glycerol and 3 fatty acids)

Question 25

Lipids function

Answer 25

energy source 
structure in cell membranes 
help plants capture light energy 
regulatory roles as hormones and vitamins 
thermal insulation 
electrical insulation 
repels water on skin

Question 26

nucleic acids

Answer 26

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Question 27

nucleic acid monomer

Answer 27

sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base

Question 28

nucleic acid elements

Answer 28

oxygen
nitrogen
hydrogen
carbon

Question 29

nucleic acids examples

Answer 29

dna rna

Question 30

nucleic acid functions

Answer 30

stores heredity information
carries instructions from dna to ribosomes
basic instruction for living things

Question 31

nucleic acids bonded together by

Answer 31

polymers of nucleotides linked in a chain through phosphodiester bonds.