Chapter 3

Question 1

ratify

Answer 1

to approve

Question 2

legislative branch

Answer 2

governing body that creates laws

Question 3

executive branch

Answer 3

governing body that enforcing laws

Question 4

judicial branch

Answer 4

governing body that interprets the law

Question 5

federalism

Answer 5

a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Question 6

militia

Answer 6

a group of people who aren’t a part of the armed forces of a country but are trained like soldiers

Question 7

slander

Answer 7

a false speech intended to damage a persons reputation

Question 8

lame duck

Answer 8

an outgoing official serving out the remainder of a term, after retiring, or being defeated for reelection

Question 9

eminent domain

Answer 9

the power of the government to take private property for public use

Question 10

bureaucracy

Answer 10

government administrators

Question 11

judicial activism

Answer 11

the philosophy that the supreme court should avoid taking the initiative on social and political questions

Question 12

judicial review

Answer 12

the power of the supreme court to declare laws and actions of local, state or national governments unconstitutional

Question 13

checks and balances

Answer 13

the system where each branch of government exercises some control over the others

Question 14

separation of powers

Answer 14

the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government

Question 15

broad interpretation

Answer 15

an interpretation of the US Constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions(particularly decisions of the Supreme Court) judicial activism

Question 16

strict interpretation

Answer 16

interpreting the Constitution based on a literal and narrow definition of the language without reference to the differences in conditions when the Constitution was written and modern conditions, inventions and societal changes

Question 17

elastic clause

Answer 17

Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution that gives Congress the right to make laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the powers expressed in the court other clauses of Article 1

Question 18

Expressed powers

Answer 18

powers directly states in the Constitution

Question 19

Due process of law

Answer 19

the content of laws and procedures of government must be fair and reasonable

Question 20

probable cause

Answer 20

a reasonable basis to believe a person or premises is linked to a crime

Question 21

Prior restraint

Answer 21

government censorship of information before it’s published or broadcasted

Question 22

treaty

Answer 22

a formal agreement between the governments of 2 or more countries

Question 23

executive agreement

Answer 23

an agreement made between the president and a head of state

Question 24

impeach

Answer 24

to accuse a public official of misconduct in office

Question 25

petition

Answer 25

an appeal

Question 26

enumerated powers

Answer 26

the expressed powers of congress that are itemized and numbered, 1-18 in Article 1 Section 8

Question 27

Jurisdiction

Answer 27

the authority of a court to rule on certain cases

Question 28

popular sovereignty

Answer 28

rule by the people

Question 29

limited government

Answer 29

a system in which the power of the government is limited, not absolute

Question 30

supremacy clause

Answer 30

statement in Article 4 of the Constitution establishing that the Constitution, laws passed by Congress, and treaties of the US "shall be the supreme Law of the Land"

Question 31

Veto

Answer 31

rejection of a bill

Question 32

6 goals of the Preamble

Answer 32

``` establish justice insure domestic tranquility provide for the common defense promote the general welfare secure the blessings of liberty form a more perfect union ```

Question 33

7 articles

Answer 33

Article 1-legislative branch Article 2-executive branch Article 3-judicial branch Article 4-explained the relationship of the states to one another and to the national government Article 5-spells out the ways that the Constitution can be amended(changed) Article 6-contains the Supremacy Clause Article 7-addresses ratification and declares that the Constitution would take effect after it was ratified by 9 states

Question 34

Formal amendment process

Answer 34

the legislatures in 3/4 of states can ratify an amendment

Question 35

Informal amendment process

Answer 35

States can hold special conventions and then have 3/4 of the conventions approve it

Question 36

6 basic principles found in the Constitution

Answer 36

``` popular sovereignty limited government separation of powers checks and balances judicial review federalism ```