Chapter 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Ionic bonds form between
a metal and a nonmetal
Oxyanions
contain oxygen and another element. named systematically
hydrates
ionic compounds with specific numbers of water molecules associated with them
if you heat a hydrate to drive off the water it becomes _____.
anhydrous
Hygroscopic substance
a substance that absorbs water from the air
molecular compounds form between
two or more nonmetals
Acids make ____ in water
H+ ions
binary acids
contain only two elements or compounds
oxyacids
contain oxygen
how to name a binary acid
Hydro + base name + ic + acid
ex: HBr = Hydrobromic acid
how to name an oxyacid
If oxyanion ends with “-ate”, base name + ic + acid
ex: H2SO4, sulfate —> sulfuric acid
If oxyanion ends with “-ite”, base name + ous + acid
ex: H2SO3, sulfite –> sulfurous acid
Mass percent
an element’s percentage of a compound’s total mass
organic chemistry
the study of compounds that contain carbon
who disproved vitalism?
Friedrich Wohler, in 1824
____ came up with the modern definition of organic chemistry
Kekule
biochemistry
the chemistry of life
how many inorganic compounds are there?
about 1 million
how many organic compounds are there?
more than 20 million
hydrocarbons
compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen
four families of hydrocarbons
alkanes
alkenes
alkynes
aromatics
alkanes
contain only single bonds
alkenes
contain double bonds
alkynes
contain triple bonds
aromatics
contain alternating double and single bonds such as in benzene
