Chapter 3

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The scientific study of heredity

Question 2

Fertilization

Answer 2

New organism begins to form when egg and sperm cells join

Question 3

Heredity

Answer 3

The passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 4

Trait

Answer 4

Each specific characteristic, such as stem height or seed color

Question 5

Purebred

Answer 5

The offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Describes the factors that control a trait

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Different forms of a gene

Question 8

Dominant allele

Answer 8

One whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Question 9

Recessive allele

Answer 9

Is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

Question 10

Hybrid

Answer 10

Has two different alleles for a trait

Question 11

Probability

Answer 11

A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur

Question 12

Punnett Square

Answer 12

A chart that shows all the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

Physical appearance or visible traits

Question 14

Genotype

Answer 14

Genetic makeup or alleles

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait