CHAPTER 3

Question 1

what is the fluid mosaic

Answer 1

a depiction of the structure of the membranes of a cell as phospholipid bilayers in which proteins are dispersed

Question 2

glycolipid

Answer 2

phospholipd with sugar groups attached

Question 3

glycoprotein

Answer 3

proteins with sugar groups attached

Question 4

Gycocalyx

Answer 4

sugar coaiting that acts as a biological marker for recognition

Question 5

Membrane Protein: transport

Answer 5

provide a channel to move solutes in and out of cells

Question 6

Membrane Protein: enzyme activity

Answer 6

cause chemical reactions within the cell

Question 7

Membrane Protein: transduction

Answer 7

receive signals for activities to take place in the cell

Question 8

Membrane Protein: Intercellular joining

Answer 8

this joining makes up tissue

Question 9

Passive Transport

Answer 9

Simple diffusion; kinetic energy. moves non-polar and lipid soluble substances from areas of high–> low

Question 10

Active Transport

Answer 10

requires energy from ATP and moves large solutes or charged particles. low –> high

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

diffusion of water/solvent through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

Hypertonic

Answer 12

loses water and shrinks

Question 13

Hypotonic

Answer 13

gains water and bursts

Question 14

Simple Diffusion

Answer 14

unassisted transport across the membrane of a lipid soluble or very small particle

Question 15

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 15

passive transport by certain large or charged particles that are unable to pass through the membrane unaided; facilitated by membrane carrier

Question 16

Filtration

Answer 16

passage of water and solutes. energized by hydrostatice pressure; the pressure gradient pushes from high to low

Question 17

isotonic

Answer 17

same water/solute concentration inside and outside cell

Question 18

Na+/K+ Pump

Answer 18

a primary active transport system;

drives the sodium (Na+) out of the cell and pumps potassium (K+) back in

Question 19

types of active transport

Answer 19

solute pumps, vascular transport (endo/exocytosis, vesicular trafficking, transcytosis)

Question 20

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 20

the voltage that exists across a plasma membrane during the resting state of an excitable cell. ranges -50 to -100 (-70)

Question 21

Voltage

Answer 21

the electircal potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged ions

Question 22

Cell Charge

Answer 22

Positive outside and negative inside

Question 23

Plasma Membrane Junctions

Answer 23

Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap junction

Question 24

Tight Junction

Answer 24

area where plasma membranes of adjacent cells are tightly bound together, forming an impermeable barrier

Question 25

Gap Junction

Answer 25

a passageway between two adjacent cells; formed by transmembrane proteins called connexons

Question 26

Desmosome

Answer 26

cell junction composed of thickened plasma membranes joined by filaments

Question 27

Exocytosis

Answer 27

active transport outside of the cell

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

transport of substances into the cell

Question 29

Phagocytosis

Answer 29

engulfs large particles in a vesicle, typically fusing with the lysosomes and digesting the particle. Ex: WBC

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

engulfing extracellular fluids containing dissolved molecules. frequent in most cells

Question 31

Pyrimidine

Answer 31

Uracil, thymine, cytosine; 2 nitrogens

Question 32

Purine

Answer 32

Adenine, Guanine; 4 nitrogens