Chapter 3

Question 1

Trait that allows a species to survive in its environment

Answer 1

Adaptation

Question 2

an individual responding to the environment (Behavior)

Answer 2

Acclimation

Question 3

number of offspring that live to reproductive age

Answer 3

Fitness

Question 4

Process of the fittest individuals passing their trains to offspring more successfully than others

Answer 4

Natural Selection

Question 5

Change in the DNA

Answer 5

Mutations

Question 6

Change in the % of a trait in a population

Answer 6

Evolution

Question 7

Challenges to survivors

Answer 7

Selection pressures

Question 8

Factor in smallest supply

Answer 8

Limiting Factor

Question 9

Minimum and Maximum environmental factors in which a species can live

Answer 9

Tolerance Limits

Question 10

set of environmental conditions which a species lives

Answer 10

Habitat

Question 11

role played by an organism in a biological community

Answer 11

Ecological niche

Question 12

Narrow Niche (Super Picky)

Answer 12

Specialists

Question 13

wide Niche (go with the flow)

Answer 13

Generalists

Question 14

species found in one exclusive habitat

Answer 14

Endemic Species

Question 15

2 species cannot occupy the same niche for very long

Answer 15

The Competitive Exclusion Principle

Question 16

Formation of a new species

Answer 16

Speciation

Question 17

Behavioral isolation

Answer 17

Sympatric Speciation

Question 18

Geographic isolation

Answer 18

Allopatric Speciation

Question 19

Shift toward one extreme of a trait

Answer 19

Directional selection

Question 20

reduce variation in a trait

Answer 20

Stabilizing Selection

Question 21

Traits diverge to the extremes

Answer 21

Disrubtive Selection

Question 22

Same species compete for mates, food, or habitat

Answer 22

Intraspecific Competition

Question 23

different species compete

Answer 23

Interspecific Comeptition

Question 24

An organism feeding on another organism (prey) whether or not the prey dies

Answer 24

Predation

Question 25

feed on live prey

Answer 25

Herbivores, Carnivores and Omnivores

Question 26

Feed on dead things

Answer 26

Scavengers, detritivores, decomposers

Question 27

nonharmful organisms that look like a harmful organisms

Answer 27

Batesian Mimicry

Question 28

2 species interact closely enough that there evolution depends on the other

Answer 28

Coevolution

Question 29

2+ species living intimately together

Answer 29

Symbiosis

Question 30

+/+ both benefit

Answer 30

Mutualism

Question 31

+/nothing

Answer 31

Commensalism

Question 32

+/- , Host

Answer 32

Parasitism

Question 33

Species that have larger impact on their environment that their biomass predicts

Answer 33

Keystone Species

Question 34

unrestrained biological reproduction

Answer 34

Biotic Potential

Question 35

growth without limits

Answer 35

Exponential growth

Question 36

number of animals that can be supported sustainably in a certain area of habitat

Answer 36

Carrying Capacity (K)

Question 37

Growth slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity

Answer 37

Logistic Growth

Question 38

Factors that are only limiting when population Is large

Answer 38

Density-Dependent Factors

Question 39

factors that are limiting regardless of population size

Answer 39

Density-Independent Factors

Question 40

Rodents, Spiders, Fish | Reproductive Strategies: short life, mature quickly, many small offspring, low parental care

Answer 40

R-selected Species

Question 41

elephants, Penguins, Humans | Reproductive Strategies: long life, later maturity, few offspring, lots of parental care

Answer 41

K-Selected Species

Question 42

The number of different species in an area

Answer 42

Diversity

Question 43

number of individuals of a particular species in an area

Answer 43

Abundance

Question 44

Individuals live where resources are available

Answer 44

Random (community structure)

Question 45

individuals live equidistant from each other (competition and territoriality)

Answer 45

Uniform (community Structure)

Question 46

Individuals clumped together (for protection, mutual assistance or reproduction)

Answer 46

Clustered or Clumped (Community Structure)

Question 47

A large patch of relatively uniform environment, free of edges, that can support all species of that community

Answer 47

Core Area

Question 48

The environment conditions of two areas bend at the edge

Answer 48

Edge Area

Question 49

anything that disturbs stuff

Answer 49

Disturbance

Question 50

Species that benefit form disturbances

Answer 50

Disturbance-adapted species

Question 51

Number of trophic levels | Number of species in each trophic level

Answer 51

Complexity