Chapter 3

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

n 16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865).

Question 2

Andrew Johnson

Answer 2

(December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson assumed the presidency as he was Vice President of the United States at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

(born 1961), US Democratic statesman, 44th president of the US 2009–17; full name Barack Hussein Obama. He was the first African American to be elected to the presidency, and was re-elected in 2012 for a second term. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.

Question 4

Barron v. Baltimore (1833)

Answer 4

Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.

Question 5

concurrent powers

Answer 5

powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments.

Question 6

confederation

Answer 6

a political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power.

Question 7

Calvin Coolidge

Answer 7

the 30th President of the United States (1923-1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state.

Question 8

Dillon´s Rule

Answer 8

the stipulation that the terms of a municipal charters be narrowly interpreted. Reversed by home rule charters, to some extent.

Question 9

Civil War

Answer 9

a war between citizens of the same country.

Question 10

enumerated powers

Answer 10

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for Congress, these powers are listed in Article I, Section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.

Question 11

ex post facto law

Answer 11

a law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed.

Question 12

Confederate States of America

Answer 12

The Confederacy Established. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery, Alabama.

Question 13

federal system

Answer 13

A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government.

Question 14

full faith and credit clause

Answer 14

A clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states.

Question 15

counties

Answer 15

(in the US) a political and administrative division of a state, providing certain local governmental services.

Question 16

democracy

Answer 16

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Question 17

interstate compacts

Answer 17

contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistate policy concerns.

Question 18

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Answer 18

1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.

Question 19

New Federalism

Answer 19

attempts by Presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants.

Question 20

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 20

A clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states.

Question 21

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 21

Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

Question 22

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 22

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

Question 23

Tenth Amendment

Answer 23

The constitutional amendement stating, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.”

Question 24

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

Answer 24

32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the Great Depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945) .

Question 25

Great Society

Answer 25

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs.

Question 26

Herbert Hoover

Answer 26

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

Question 27

Iroquois Confederacy

Answer 27

was a confederation of Native American Indians which was originally composed of 5 tribes consisting of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples.

Question 28

John C. Calhoun

Answer 28

The leading southern politician of the early nineteenth century; he served as vice president under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson and then was elected senator from South Carolina. Calhoun championed slavery and states' rights.

Question 29

John Marshall

Answer 29

(September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American politician who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835.

Question 30

interstate compacts

Answer 30

contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multi-state policy concerns.

Question 31

monarchy

Answer 31

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

Question 32

municipalities

Answer 32

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

Question 33

New Deal

Answer 33

was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering.

Question 34

nullification

Answer 34

the doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the states opinion, violates the constitution.

Question 35

oligarchy

Answer 35

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Question 36

programmatic requests

Answer 36

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district.

Question 37

progressive federalism

Answer 37

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative.

Question 38

special district

Answer 38

a local government that is restricted to a particular function.

Question 39

Reconstruction

Answer 39

the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and society in the former Confederacy. In battles between the president and Congress, the president prevailed until the election of 1866, which enabled the Radical Republicans to take control of policy, remove from power the ex-Confederates, and enfranchise the Freedmen (freed slaves).

Question 40

reserved powers

Answer 40

powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states.

Question 41

Roger B. Taney

Answer 41

United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens (1777-1864) Roger Taney, Taney. Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection.

Question 42

Ronald Reagan

Answer 42

A political leader of the twentieth century, elected president in 1980 and 1984.

Question 43

secession

Answer 43

the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

Question 44

Tenth Amendment

Answer 44

The constitutional amendment stating, "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."

Question 45

totalitarianism

Answer 45

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.