Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the 3 fields of development?

Answer 1

1. Gross motor
2. Fine motor and vision
3. Speech, hearing and language
4. Social, behavioural and emotional

Question 2

What is the median age when considering developmental milestones?

Answer 2

The age where 50% of children will have reached this milestone.

Question 3

What are the limit ages when considering developmental milestones?

Answer 3

These are the ages by which the developmental milestones should have been achieved and is usually 2 SD away from the mean.

Question 4

What is the median and limit ages for walking?

Answer 4

Median age = 12 months

Limit age = 18 months

Question 5

What could be the reason why children reach the limit age for walking?

Answer 5

Some will just be late walkers, but a proportion will have an underlying problem, such as cerebral palsy, a primary muscular disorder or global developmental delay.
A few may be underestimated from social deprivation.

Question 6

How do children achieve mobility after immobility and before walking? Which is most common?

Answer 6

Crawling (83%)
Bum shuffling
Creeping on stomach
Just standing up and walking

Question 7

Why is knowing the mobility before walking important?

Answer 7

Because when a baby crawls, 50% of them will walk by 12 months and 97.5% will walk by 18 months.
If a baby used to bottom-shuffle, 50% of them will walk by 18 months ad 97.5% by 27 months of age.
Therefore, the pre-walking mobility change their developmental progress.

Question 8

When is most of myelination in the brain done? Why is this important?

Answer 8

First 2 years of life - this is why motor development is most rapid in the first years of life.

Question 9

When do you adjust for prematurity?

Answer 9

Up until 2 years of age.

Question 10

What is global delay?

Answer 10

When all 4 developmental fields have developmental delay with limit ages being reached.

Question 11

What age does a child sit?

Answer 11

6-9 months

Question 12

What age does a child crawls?

Answer 12

8-9 months

Question 13

What age does a child raise their head to 45* prone?

Answer 13

6-8 weeks

Question 14

What age does a child stand independently/cruise around furniture?

Answer 14

10 months

Question 15

What age does a child start walking?

Answer 15

12 months

Question 16

What age does a child follow a moving object or face by moving their head?

Answer 16

6 weeks

Question 17

What age does a child develop a palmar grip?

Answer 17

4-6 months

Question 18

What age does a child reach out for toys?

Answer 18

4 months

Question 19

What age does a child transfer toys from one hand to the other?

Answer 19

7 months

Question 20

What age does a child have a mature pincer grip?

Answer 20

10 months

Question 21

What age does a child make marks with a crayon?

Answer 21

16-18 months

Question 22

What can children to with blocks at different ages?

Answer 22

Tower of 3 = 18 months old
Tower of 6 = 2 years old
Tower of eight/train with 4 bricks at 2.5 years old
Bridge (from a model) = 3 years old
Steps (from demonstration) = 4 years old

Question 23

What is the age gap between the ability to draw with and without seeing how it is done?

Answer 23

6 months

Question 24

What can a child draw at different ages (without seeing how it is done)?

Answer 24

Line = 2 years
Circle = 3 years
Cross = 3.5 years
Square = 4 years
Triangle = 5 years

Question 25

What is the newborn response to noise?

Answer 25

They are startled by noise.

Question 26

What is an infant at 3-4 months capable of doing speech wise?

Answer 26

Vocalises alone or when spoken to - coos and laughs

Question 27

When does a child turn to soft sounds out of sight?

Answer 27

7 months

Question 28

When does a child start to say mama and dada?

Answer 28

Indiscriminately at 7 months | Discriminately at 10 months

Question 29

When does a child start to say more words other than mama and dada? How many and at what age?

Answer 29

2-3 extra words = 12 months | 6-10 extra words = 18 months

Question 30

When can a child show 2 parts of the body?

Answer 30

18 months old

Question 31

What age can a child join 2 or more words together to make simple phrases?

Answer 31

20-24 months

Question 32

At what age is a child able to talk constantly in 3-4 word sentences?

Answer 32

2.5-3 years old

Question 33

When does a child usually smile responsively? What is the age limit?

Answer 33

6 weeks median. | 8 weeks age limit.

Question 34

When does a child start to put food in their mouth?

Answer 34

6-8 months

Question 35

When is the age limit for the fear of strangers?

Answer 35

10 months

Question 36

What age does a child wave bye-bye and play peak-a-boo?

Answer 36

10-12 months

Question 37

What age does a child drink from a cup with 2 hands?

Answer 37

12 months

Question 38

What age can a child use a spoon to eat?

Answer 38

18 months

Question 39

What age does a child start using symbolic play? What is symbolic play?

Answer 39

At 18-24 months. When they use a doll and pretend to feed it etc.

Question 40

What age is a child potty trained to be dry by day?

Answer 40

2 years old

Question 41

When does parallel play start to become present in children?

Answer 41

2.5 years to 3 years.

Question 42

When is the newborn examination performed?

Answer 42

Before 72 hours old

Question 43

What are the 2 hearing screening tests in newborns?

Answer 43

``` Otoacoustic emission (detects normal sound vibration from the outer hair cells in the cochlea) Auditory brainstem response - there is an auditory stimulus through headphones and then waveforms are measured on EEG. ```